Study of how managers handle relationships of the
organization with the external environment.
Open Systems theory
Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn y
James Thompson
An organization is an open system that takes
resources from abroad and converts them into goods
and services that returned to the environment to be
purchased by customers.
Unlike closed systems that tend to lose the
Ability you Control and therefore, disintegrates
and dissolves, because they ignore the external
environment .
The Importance of studying the environment Manifested itself
in the 1960s , with the formulation of the theory of open
systems and the theory of contingencies.
Contingency Theory
Tom Burns, Stalker, Paul
Lawrence y Jay Lorsch
Idea main is that there is an optimal way to
organize: The structure of an organization depends
on the environment in which it operates
The way managers design the hierarchy, choose a control
system, or decide how to lead, depends on the
characteristics of the organizational environment.