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Factors affecting eyewitness testimony: misleading information
Descripción
AS - Level (chapter 2 - memory ) psychology Mapa Mental sobre Factors affecting eyewitness testimony: misleading information, creado por Daisy U el 21/04/2016.
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psychology
chapter 2 - memory
as - level
Mapa Mental por
Daisy U
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Daisy U
hace más de 8 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Factors affecting eyewitness testimony: misleading information
leading questions and post event discussion
leading questions
procedure
Loftus and Palmer
clips of a car accident
asked how fast the car was going
changed the speed: contacted bumped collided and smashed
findings
mean speed was higher for smashed than contacted
smashed was 41mph
contacted was 30mph
why do leading questions affect EWT
response bias explanation
wording of the question does not effect participants memories
but influences how they decide the answer
substitution explanation
the wording of a leading question changes the memory
participants who were given the word smashed were more likely to report broken glass
post event discussion
when co-witnesses discuss their EWT become contaminated
from misinformation from other witnesses with their own memories
procedure
Gabbert
pairs saw the same crime but form different angles
then they discussed before testing their recall
findings
71% of participants mistakenly recalled aspects of the event that they didn't see but had been told
in the control group (no discussion) there was 0%
go along with it to gain social approval or because they thought they were wrong
called memory conformity
evaluation
useful real life applications
affect how police now interview people after crimes
when EWT are very important
the tasks are artificial
watched film clips
different experience to seeing a real one
trauma may make people forget
artificial tasks - EWT may be more reliable then we think
individual differences
older people are less accurate than younger in EWT
Anastasi and Rhodes
people between 18-25 and 35-45 were more accurate then 55-78
were more accurate when it was people their own age
own age bias
evaluation +
demand characteristics
Zaragosa and McCloskey
answers given in a lab are a result of demand characteristics
don't want to let the researcher down - helpful and attentive
consequences of EWT
Foster
EWT can have huge consequences in the real world - not in a lab
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