5254651
Descripción
Mapa Mental por Jemma Pope, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Jemma Pope
hace más de 8 años
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Systematic Desensitisation
- Main components
- Counterconditioning
- Steps of SD
- Taught
how to
relax
muscles
completely
- Therapist and
patient construct
a desensitisation
hierarchy
together - series
of imagined
scenes, each one
causing more
anxiety than
previous
- Patient
works
way
through
hierarchy
- Patient
mastered
one step,
ready to
move onto
next! (They
can remain
relaxed
while
imagining
it)
- Eventually
masters
feared
situation!
- Eventually
masters
feared
situation!
- Patient
mastered
one step,
ready to
move onto
next! (They
can remain
relaxed
while
imagining
it)
- Patient
works
way
through
hierarchy
- Therapist and
patient construct
a desensitisation
hierarchy
together - series
of imagined
scenes, each one
causing more
anxiety than
previous
- Aim is to
respond to
feared
stimulus with
relaxation
rather than
fear!
- Taught
how to
relax
muscles
completely
- Called this because
client is taught new
association that
runs counter to
original association!
- relaxation inhibits anxiety
- relaxation inhibits anxiety
- Steps of SD
- Desensitisation hierarchy
- Series of gradual
steps that are
determined at the
beginning of therapy
when the client and
therapist work out a
hierarchy of feared
stimuli from least to
most!
- Series of gradual
steps that are
determined at the
beginning of therapy
when the client and
therapist work out a
hierarchy of feared
stimuli from least to
most!
- Different forms
- Counterconditioning
- Effectiveness
- Research support
- Proven successful
when problem is
learned one (specific
phobias).
- CAPAFONS ET AL
- Clients with fear of flying
reported lower fear
levels whilst in a flight
simulator following a
12-25-week treatment
period, where both
IN VITRO and IN VIVO
techniques were used!
- Clients with fear of flying
reported lower fear
levels whilst in a flight
simulator following a
12-25-week treatment
period, where both
IN VITRO and IN VIVO
techniques were used!
- CAPAFONS ET AL
- Proven successful
when problem is
learned one (specific
phobias).
- Not appropriate for all phobias
- Unsuitable for 'ancient' fears.
- MARTIN SELIGMAN ARGUED
- Humans and animals
are genetically
programmed to rapidly
learn an association
between life-threatening 'ancient' fears and fear.
- Humans and animals
are genetically
programmed to rapidly
learn an association
between life-threatening 'ancient' fears and fear.
- things that would have been
dangerous in our
EVOLUTIONARY past.
- ADAPTIVE to rapidly learn to avoid these!
- This concept of BIOLOGICAL
PREPAREDNESS explains why people
are less likely to develop fears for
modern objects that are much more of
a threat than spiders.
- This concept of BIOLOGICAL
PREPAREDNESS explains why people
are less likely to develop fears for
modern objects that are much more of
a threat than spiders.
- ADAPTIVE to rapidly learn to avoid these!
- MARTIN SELIGMAN ARGUED
- Unsuitable for 'ancient' fears.
- Research support for biological preparedness
- SELIGMAN'S concept
has been supported
- BREGMAN failed to
condition a fear
response in infants
aged 8-16 months
by pairing a loud
bell with wooden
blocks.
- Fear respnses are only learned with
living animals (link with ANCIENT FEARS)
- Fear respnses are only learned with
living animals (link with ANCIENT FEARS)
- BREGMAN failed to
condition a fear
response in infants
aged 8-16 months
by pairing a loud
bell with wooden
blocks.
- SELIGMAN'S concept
has been supported
- Symptom substitution
- symptoms are only tip of
iceberg, If you remove
them the cause still
remains and they may
resurface
- PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH
= Phobias develop because of
projection
- Little Hans
who had fear of horses. Actual problem was envy of
father but could not express this directly so his
anxiety was projected on horse. Phobia was cured
when he accepted feelings about father.
- So, if the
therapist had
treated the
horse phobia
the underlying
problem would
have remained
and resurfaced
elsewhere.
- Behavioural therapies may
APPEAR to resolve
problem but simply
ELIMINATING SYMPTOMS
can result in others
appearing!
- Behavioural therapies may
APPEAR to resolve
problem but simply
ELIMINATING SYMPTOMS
can result in others
appearing!
- So, if the
therapist had
treated the
horse phobia
the underlying
problem would
have remained
and resurfaced
elsewhere.
- Little Hans
who had fear of horses. Actual problem was envy of
father but could not express this directly so his
anxiety was projected on horse. Phobia was cured
when he accepted feelings about father.
- PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH
= Phobias develop because of
projection
- symptoms are only tip of
iceberg, If you remove
them the cause still
remains and they may
resurface
- Research support
- Ethical Issues
- Considered more ethical than other forms of behavioural therapies ('flooding' techniques)
- Forcing
someone to face
fear
- Each step is
conducted slowly
and at a pace
dictated by client.
Therapist is able to
gauge whether
client is fully relaxed
at each stage!
- Therapist must
only attempt to
move hierarchy
when client is
comfortable
- Therapist must
only attempt to
move hierarchy
when client is
comfortable
- Forcing
someone to face
fear
- Used mainly with phobias
- Clients are in touch
with reality and in a
healthy enough frame
of mind to understand
what it'll entail!
- Client attends
therapy sessions
at their own FREE
WILL and is able
to choose to
withdraw at any
point.
- However, still element
of stress involved as
client is exposed to
object which causes
anxiety/fear.
- However, still element
of stress involved as
client is exposed to
object which causes
anxiety/fear.
- Client attends
therapy sessions
at their own FREE
WILL and is able
to choose to
withdraw at any
point.
- Clients are in touch
with reality and in a
healthy enough frame
of mind to understand
what it'll entail!
- Considered more ethical than other forms of behavioural therapies ('flooding' techniques)
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