RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS
1. TRACHEAL COLLAPSE
  1. LACK OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE+/- GLYCOPROTIENS IN CARTILAGE MATRIX =REDUCED WATER AND LOSS OF TURGIDITY
    1. WEAK CARTILAGE LEADS TO FLATTENING OF RINGS WHEN PRESSURE CHANGES
    2. INCREASED RESPIRATORY EFFORT=DYNAMIC COLLAPSE
  2. PRIMARY GENETIC INFLUENCE (CHIHUAHUAS, MINIATURE POODLES, YORKIES, POMS)
  3. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, LONG STANDING AIRWAY DISEASE, MIDDLE AGED-GERIATRIC DOGS
  4. O2 THERAPY, WEIGHT LOSS, BRONCHODILATORS, AVOID STEROIDS (WEAKEN LIGAMENT) HARNESS, GOOD NUTRITION, FEED IN UPRIGHT POSITION WITH SOFT FOOD BALLS
  5. DYSPNOEA, DRY-HONKING COUGH, RETCHING, TACHYPNOEA, WORSENED BY EXCITEMENT, OBESITY, EXERCISE, HEAT AND HUMIDITY
2. BRACHYCEPHALIC AIRWAY DISORDER
  1. STENOTIC NARES
  2. ELONGATED SOFT PALATE
  3. EVERTED LARYNGEAL SACCULES
  4. LARYNGEAL PARALYSIS/TRACHEAL COLLAPSE/ TRACHEAL HYPOPLASIA
3. LARYNGEAL PARALYSIS
  1. UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL PARALYSIS OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGES
    1. RESTRICTS AIRWAY DIAMETER AT ONE OF WIDEST POINTS
    2. EMERGENCY IF CARTILAGES BECOME INFLAMMED
  2. TRAUMA (STICKS) NEOPLASIA OF NECK
  3. MANAGE ACUTE PATIENT IF COLLAPSED, SUTURE ONE OR BOTH FOLDS OPEN
4. PNEUMOTHORAX; AIR ACCUMULATES BETWEEN VISCERAL AND PARIETAL PLEURA
INFLAMMATORY
1. FELINE ALLERGIC OR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS (ASTHMA)
  1. ALLERGIC OR HYPERSENSITIVITY TO ALLERGEN/ IRRITANT
    1. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
      1. INCREASED MUCOUS PRODUCTION, HISTAMINE RELEASE CAUSING BRONCHOCONSTRICTION AMD INFLAMMATION OF AIRWAY LINING, MAST CELLS AND EOSINNOPHILS
  2. COUGHING, WHEEZING, DYSPNOEA, ORTHOPNOEA
  3. BRONCHODILATORS, ANTIHISTAMINES, CORTICOSTEROIDS, 02, MANAGE WEIGHT, LIMIT IRRITANT EXPOSURE
2. ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
  1. SUDDEN ONSET RESPIRATORY FAILURE DUE TO SEVERE UNDERLYING DISEASE
    1. PULMONARY CAUSES
      1. PNEUMONIA, CONTUSIONS, NEAR DROWNING, SMOKE INHALATION
    2. NON-PULMONARY
      1. SEPSIS, PANCREATITIS, SEVERE TRAUMA/SHOCK
    3. DIFFUSE LUNG INFLAMMATORY INSULT
      1. INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF ALVEOLAR/CAPILLARY INTERFACE. OEDEMA, INCREASED WBCS IN INTERSTITIUM AND ALVEOLI LEADING TO HYPOXAEMIA AND DYSPNOEA
      2. PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DUE TO MICRO-THROMBI IN VASCULATURE AND VASOCONSTRICTION LEADING TO RESPIRATORY HEART FAILURE.
  2. SYMPTOMATIC CARE AND ADDRESS CAUSE; O2, FLUIDS, NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT, ANTIBIOTICS, ANALGESIA
3. ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
  1. INFLAMMATION OF LUNGS DUE TO INHALED MATERIAL
  2. UNDERLYING LARYNGEAL DYSFUNCTION, NEONATES, POOR STOMACH TUBING TECHNIQUE, OESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
  3. PULMONARY DYSFUNCTION DUE TO LARGE PARTICLES BLOCKING AIRWAY (ACUTE DISTRESS RARE, SMALL AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, INDIRECT OBSTRUCTION THROUGH BRONCHOSPASM AND MUCUS/ EXUDATE PRODUCTION FROM BACTERIA?
  4. COUGHING, RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, PYREXIA, EXERCISE INTOLERNCE, NASAL DISCHARGE
  5. ANTIBIOTICS AND O2 THERAPY
INFECTITIOUS
1. BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
  1. FULLY DEVELOPED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
  2. VIRULENT BACTERIA IN LUNG PARACHYMA PRODUCE EXUDATE AND FLUID INTO CONDUCTING AIRWAY SPACE
  3. INHALED, HAEMATOGENOUS
  4. DOGS
  5. ANTIBIOTICS, BRONCHODILATORS, AMTI-INFLAMMATORIES, O2
  6. COUGH, PYREXIA, LABOURED BREATHING, ANOREXIA, WEIGHTLOSS, NASAL DISCHARGE.
2. Lungworm
  1. AULUROSTRONGYLUS ABSTRUS
    1. CHRONIC WASTING, COUGH, DYSPNOEA, PULMONARY WHEEZES,
    2. CATS, SLUGS, SNAILS, FROGS, LIZARDS, BIRDS, RODENTS
  2. ANGIOSTRONGYLES VASORUM
    1. PETECHISL HAEMORRHAGE, PULMONARY SIGNS, RIGHT SIDED CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (JUGULAR DISTENSION ASCITES)
    2. ADULTS IN ARTERIAL VESSELS, RIGHT HEART CHAMBERS RELEASE EGGS AND LARVAE INTO PILMONARY CIRCULATION. ADULTS BLOCK BLOOD FLOW THROUGH PULMONARY VESSELS RESULTING IN REDUCED CIRCULATION, RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPGHY AND COR PULMONALE. LOCAL ARTERITIS AND THROMBI FORMATION. rRSPIRATORY HEART FAILURE.
3. CANINE TRACHEOBRONCHITIS
  1. INJURY TO RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM BY VIRAL OR BACTERIAL INFECTION OR BOTH FOLLOWED BY VIRULENT INVASION OF DAMAGED TISSUE
    1. COUGH EXACERBATED BY EXCITEMNET, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, EXERCISE, GENTLE PRESSUE TO TRACHEA INDUCE PAROXYSM, V+? PYREXIA IF SEVERE.
  2. BORDETELLA BRONCHISEPTICA, CAV-1, CAV-2, PARAINFLUENZA, HERPES, DISTEMPER?
    1. ISOLATE, EVACUATE KENNELS FOR 1-2 WEEKS FOR DISINFECTION.
  3. MOST SEVERE IN PUPPIES AGE 6 WEEKS TO 6 MONTHS
  4. CLINICAL SIGNS 4-11 DAYS POST EXPOSURE
    1. ANTIBIOTICS? NSAIDS, REST (14-21 DAYS / 6-8 WEEKS )

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RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

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