UNHCR

UNHCR

Between a Rock and a Hard Place?
1. Budgetary Constriants
  1. 97% based on voluntary contributions
    1. makes long term planning difficult
    2. 'earmarking' by donors
2. Choice of Commissioner
  1. Puppet for Major donors?
3. National soverignty
  1. States decide who qualifies unless UNHCR asked to help
  2. during conflict?
4. 3 durable solutions of 1951 Convention
  1. Resettlement onto a third country
  2. Integration into country that they fled to
  3. Voluntary repatriation to country of origin
CASE STUDIES
1. RWANDA and the GREAT LAKES
  1. Invasion in 1994 by RPF leads to mass exodus of Hutus
    1. Hutus flees to neighboring countries and set up Camps
      1. DRC 1.2m
      2. Tanzania 580,000
      3. Implications
        Economic cost - initial response and local economy
        Social Cost - racial tension; Cholera
        Political: DRC, Rwanda attack militarized camps
        Environmental; wood for fire etc
        Security
        Interhamwe administered camps
        Radio Mill Collines continues to broadcast in camps
        UNHCR funding war?
        close to borders, provoking Rwandan attacks
        SGBV in camps
        HEALTH issues
2. VIETNAMESE BOAT PEOPLE
  1. Post 1975
    1. After US withdrawal from Vietnam South flee to Hong Kong
      1. Thatcher pledged 'PORT OF FIRST ASYLUM'
        open centres run by UNHCR
        employment opportunities
        91% resettlement rate
        1982
        Camps CLOSE
        LOCAL XENOPHOBIA
        1988 Screening Process
        illegal until screened
        90% REJECTION
        1989 - Comprehensive Plan of Action and Voluntary Repatriation Programme
        Financial inducements
        mandatory repatriation
        apauling camp conditions
        1992 25% budget cuts
        1996 US program of return
        1997 Hong Kong handover
3. YUGOSLAVIA
  1. UNHCR as lead agency
    1. Area of expertise
    2. Bureaucratic presence
    3. War situation
    4. response to ethnic cleansing
    5. Majority of funding goes to UNPROFOR (Military)
  2. 1995 - Srebrenica
    1. 7000 men and boys killed
      1. 30 Dutch Peacekeepers taken hostage
        28th Aug - Market bomb kills 37
    2. Resolution
      1. NATO - 2 week intensive bombing
      2. DAYTON
        All actors agree to let people return safely
        People able to claim back property
        Freedom of movement
  3. LESSONS LEARNED?
    1. UNHCR not used to operating in war
    2. Military uncomfortable with humanitarian role
    3. division of leadership (UNHCR/UNPROFOR)
    4. UNHCR associated with blue helmets
    5. UNPROFOR 6 month rotation disrupts continuity
    6. UNHCR forced to use 'safe havens' sue to donor interests

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	Creado por ellywhitehead hace alrededor de 11 años