The Slave Trade

Britain - Africa (1)
1. Goods
  1. cloth
  2. pots & pans
  3. guns & gunpowder
2. Capture from 1 port
  1. Found an agent who had dealers who captured slaves (both african)
3. Capture from many ports
  1. Some ships sailed along the coast visiting lots of agents as many dealers didn't have enough slaves.
4. Other ways of capture
  1. selling slave for breaking tribe laws
  2. During tribal wars
Africa - Colonies (2)
1. 40-70 days middle passage
2. Slaves stripped of clothes and seperated
3. Slaves crammed tightly, holds 1.5m high
4. women & children spent time on deck but the sailors forced them to dance/entertain
5. Slaves were woken, washed & inspected, if ill they were thrown overboard
6. Slaves fed to appear healthy
  1. 1/2 pint water
  2. rice, yams & horse-beans
7. Sleeping difficult, slaves whipped to calm down
8. only 1 bucket for the loo, many couldn't access due to chains
9. Illness/disease common
  1. sea sickness/sun stroke
  2. dysentry common
  3. most feared was small pox
10. The Sale
  1. auction sale
  2. Grab n Go
  3. healthy slave = £60 sick/old slave = £2
Plantation Life
1. Housing
  1. not given much time/space to build
  2. often close to the big house
2. Food
  1. grew own food
  2. cut own wood
  3. could sell food to sailors/market
3. Freetime
  1. field hands had sundays off
  2. holidays off
4. Religion
  1. secret services in the woods
  2. Mixed African/Christian
  3. Had to go to church
5. Slaves
  1. Field slave
  2. driver
  3. sugar factory slave
  4. house slave
Punishments
1. to control slaves/power
2. whipping most common
3. branding
4. tied up
5. starved
6. put in shackles
7. limbs cut off/killed for severe 'crimes'
Effects on Africa
1. 12m taken 18th-19th cent
2. decline in population (men)
3. more wars due to guns/pwder
4. Halt on industrial progress
Effects on Britain
1. 1630-1807 £12m
2. created jobs
3. wealthy merchants invested in land/estates or bought power in parliament
4. government benefited by tax
  1. 1770 31.3m jamaican tax
5. Liverpool
  1. 1700=50 000 1800= 78 000
  2. Port used for ships & cotton manufacturing
  3. 1757=176 ships
6. Bristol
  1. 1700=20 000 1800=64 000
  2. ports used for ships & sugar
  3. By the end 2108 ships from bristol-africa
7. Glasgow
  1. 20 days less Glasgow-Virginia than London
  2. John Glassford successful tobacco merchant
8. Industry
  1. guns/powder/shot increased production
  2. copper kettles etc/tobacco
Abolition
1. Origins
  1. Humanitarian
  2. Religious
  3. Financial
  4. safety fears
  5. racism
2. Granville Sharp
  1. chairman of Society...
  2. Helped Equiano bring Zong massacre to public attention
  3. created 1772 law which allowed slaves to stay in britain once there
  4. Attempted to found free African state - unsuccessful
3. John Newton
  1. ex-slave ship owner turned abolitionist
  2. Becomes a vicar
  3. Writes 'Amazing Grace'
4. Thomas Clarkson
  1. one of the founding members of the Society...
  2. Visits ports & ships- records evidence
  3. bought leg irons, shackles etc & showed to people
  4. Also drew pics, measured ships, talks to captains
  5. publishes findings in books/pamphlets
5. Olaudah Equiano
  1. ex-slave- bought his freedom for £40
  2. member of the society.../spoke at public meetings
  3. wrote best seller 'the life of (him) the African'
6. William Wilberforce
  1. represented the Society...in parliament
  2. Evangelical christian
  3. Friends with PM william pitt (younger)
  4. Introduced 1807 Slave Trade act
7. Hannah Moore & the Sugar Boycott
  1. Evangelical & friend of Newton/Wilberforce
  2. Poet, writes 'Slavery', 'Sorrows of Yamba'
  3. Women could influence fathers/husbands and buy wedgewood products
  4. Boycott aimed to hurt slavery profits
  5. 1792 400 000 boycotting
Colonies - Britain (3)
1. whole journey could take 1 year
2. Goods = sugar, tobacco, ivory/cotton
3. If the trade hadn't made so much money it wouldn't have lasted so long
4. Thomas Leyland became a wealthy merchant worth £70m (today)
5. London provided merchants with financial backing and insurance
  1. Bank of England/ Loyds/ Barclays
6. could take 18 months before profit seen
Why did it take so long to end?
1. Most MPs supported the trade
2. French Revolution made people fear change
3. Many cities benefited
4. More money in industry
5. less profitability

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