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Topic 1.1-transport around the body
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Biology Mapa Mental sobre Topic 1.1-transport around the body, creado por victoria.graham96 el 25/04/2013.
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biology
biology
Mapa Mental por
victoria.graham96
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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victoria.graham96
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Resumen del Recurso
Topic 1.1-transport around the body
Water in living organisms
Dipole
Separation of charge
Slightly positive side, slightly negative side
Hydrogen bond
Weak electrostatic attraction
Attraction between oxygen and hydrogen in different molecules
Solvent
Other substances dissolve it
Expulsions
Tiny droplets of one liquid suspended in another
Suspensions
Solid mixed with liquid
Wil separates out if not constantly stirred
Surface tension
Property that seems like surface covered in thin elastic skin
Anmphoteric
Can act as acid or a base
Acid: forms h+ ions and donates protons
Base: forms OH- ions and accepts protons
Blood circulation
Circulation systems
Single circulation
In fish (simple)
Double circulation
Involves 2 circulatory systems
Systemic circulation
Carries oxygenated blood from heart to cells
Carries deoxygenated blood back to heart
Pulmonary circulation
Carries oxygenated blood back to heart
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
The blood vessels
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Carries oxygenated blood
Accept pulmonary artery and umbilical artery during pregnancy
Lumen gets smaller further away from heart
Furthest from heart are arterioles
External layer of tough tissue
Smooth lining around lumen
Middle layers contain
Elastic fibres
More nearest the heart
Smooth muscle
More further away from heart
Small lumen
Capillaries
Arteriolar feed into them
Branch between cells
Very thin cell wall
Simple
Carry originated blood at first
Veins
Carry blood back to heart
Carrie deoxygenated blood
Accept pulmonary vein and umbilical vein
Venules lead from capillaries and form 2 veins
Inferior vena cave
From lower parts of body
Superior vena cava
From upper arts of body
Tough outer layer
Mainly collagen fibres
Smooth inner surface
Thin layer of smooth muscle. Few elastic fibres
Relatively large lumen
Have semi lunar valves
Blood can pass towards heart but can't go back
The role of blood
Circulation
Passage of blood through vessels
Components of blood
Plasma
Main component of blood
Contains frininogen
Consists largely of water
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Contain harmoglobin
Red pigment that carries oxygen
Formed in red bone marrow
Leucocytes
White blood cells
Can change there shapes
Defend against disease
Make antibodies
Destroy pathogens
Make antitoxins
Neutralize poisons (toxins)
Go through phagocytosis
Engulf and digest pathogens
Platelets
Tiny fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes
Found in bone marrow
Involved in blood clotting
Pathogens
Disease causing bacteria/viruses
The blood clotting mechanism
Damaged tissue
Releases platelets
Releases thromboplastin
Catalysis prothrombin to..
Thrombin
Catalyses fibrinogen to...
Fibrin
Mesh of fibres
Traps blood cells and more platelets
Forms clot
Ca2+ ions have to be present
Transport systems
Diffusion
Free movement of particles down a concentration gradient
Concentration gradient
From high concentration to low concentration
Hormone
Chemical (insulin or adrenalin)
Mass transport system
The flow of substances with a mechanism/pump
Osmosis
The movement of water along concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane
Active transport
Energy used to move substances against a concentration gradient
Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Haemoglobin picks up 4 oxygen molecules
Haemoglobin in red blood cells
Oxygen moves from lungs to red blood cells by diffusion
Keeps steep concentration gradient so more oxygen can diffuse
Diffuses into body cells
carbon dioxide
Waste CO2 diffuses into blood from cells
Reacts with water to form H2CO3
Separates to form ions H+ and HCO3-
HCO3- diffuse out of blood cells and Cl ions move in
CO2 diffuse out of blood into lungs
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