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Topic 5: Organic Chemistry
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Chemistry Mapa Mental sobre Topic 5: Organic Chemistry, creado por Alice Clayden el 25/04/2013.
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Topic 5: Organic Chemistry
Homologous series:alkanes/ alkenes- The physical properties gradually change as the carbon chains get longer e.g. alkane's boiling points get higher
Alcohols: organic compounds. They all contain the group of atoms -OH (hydroxl) this is the functional group
Properties: alcohols that have small molecules e.g. methanol, ethanol and propanol have characteristic odours
They react with oxygen to form carboxylic acids, they react with carboxylic acids to form esters and water.
Ethanol + Oxygen > Ethanoic acid (vinegar) + water
Ethanol + Ethanoic acid > Ehtyl Ethanoate + water
methonoic acid + propanol > pehtyl methanoate + water
red wine vinegar
effect of alcoholic drinks (ethanol)- defiency in vitamin B, decreased iron levels, liver damage, destruction of brain cells, risk of cancer etc..
uses: making esters- sweet smelling fragrances, emulsifiers, emollients, thickeners, solvents
Carboxylic acids are another homologous series, they all have the functional group - COOH (carboxyl)
Methanoic acid, Ethanoic acid, Propanoic acid
Properties: as the carbon atom chains get longer the acid changes from a colourless liquid to a waxy solid
the odour becomes less pungent, the solubility in water decreases/ becomes more imiscible
uses: solvents, medicine, food items e.g. vinegar (flavouring and preservative), soaps and detergents
Ethanol by fermentation: any substance that contains glucose can be fermented. To do this the sugar is mixed with yeast in the absence of air
Glucose + enzyme in yeast > ethanol + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 (aq) > C2H5OH (aq) + CO2 (g)
Advantages- renewable sources are used (sugar), cheap labour is available, little energy used- temperature is 30-40' C
Disadvantages- land is needed to grow crops, CO2 is produced, batch production - alot of labour needed, slow reaction, low concentration of ethanol
Ethanol by hydration of Ethene : Ethene + water (as steam) < phosphoric acid>> Ethanol
C2H4 + H2O >>> C2H5OH
Advantages- continuous system, fewer workers needed, fast process, pure ethanol is produced
Disadvantages- uses non-renewable resources (crude oil), uses high amounts of energy- temperature is 300' C
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