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5759121
Theories of Religion
Descripción
AQA A2 syllabus
Sin etiquetas
a2
aqa
sociology
religion
definitions of religion
theories of religion
sociology
religion
a level
Mapa Mental por
Joanna Griffith
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Joanna Griffith
hace alrededor de 8 años
35
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Resumen del Recurso
Theories of Religion
defining religion
functional definitions
inclusive
may be overly so
eg. collective chanting provides a social integration function, but is not a religious belief
social and psychological functions religion provides for society/the individual
Durkheim (1915)
defines religion by its contribution to social integration
Yinger (1970)
functions that religion provides for individuals
eg. answers 'ultimate' questions
substantive definitions
content/substance of religion
eg. belief in God or the supernatural
exclusive
Western bias (excludes religions without a God)
Weber (1905)
defines religion as belief in a supernatural or superior power that is above nature and cannot be explained scientifically
social constructionist definitions
interpretivist
how members of society define religion
no universal definition
inclusive, but hard to generalise
Aldridge (2007)
Scientology
functionalist theories of religion
general functionalism
society is made up of interrelated institutions
social cooperation/solidarity is produced by a value consensus
claim that religion plays a part in maintaining a value consensus
Durkheim (1915)
the sacred and the profane
sacred: objects associated with the religion, set apart and forbidden, surrounded by taboos
profane: objects with no special significance
a religion is a set of beliefs accompanied by rituals and practices, associated with sacred objects
sacred objects evoke such powerful feelings in followers, they may be symbols representing something of great power
Durkheim believes that they may be symbols of the society itself
although sacred symbols vary between religions, they all provide the same function of uniting society into a single moral community
totemism
Arunta, aboriginal tribe
clan system, clans come together to perform collective rituals involving the worship of a sacred totem representative of their clan histories
Durkheim claims that they are worshipping their own society
the collective conscience
sacred symbols represent a society's collective conscience
Durkheim claims that regular shared religious rituals helps to reinforce the collective conscience
may also make individuals feel part of something bigger and worthwhile
cognitive functions of religion
in order to think, we need categories such as time, space, cause, number, etc. and we need to be able to share these categories with others
Durkheim and Mauss (1903)
argue that religion provides categories, so is the basis of reasoning and intelligent thought
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