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Attention and Computing
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Masters Mind Body Brain Mapa Mental sobre Attention and Computing, creado por Amberlee Green el 27/04/2013.
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Amberlee Green
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Amberlee Green
hace alrededor de 11 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Attention and Computing
Visual Attention
Attention limits entry into capacity processing system by selecting subset of available info
Takes place by competing therories; Early selection and Late selection
Perceptual Load - Lavie, 1995, selction is early or late depending on how much processing (load) needs to be taken
Is selective attention; spatial or object based?
Space
Spotlight Analogy. Posner, 1980 - attention is like a spotlight, enhancing everything in its beam.
illuminate/activates info around it
EVIDENCE - Posner, 1980
Exogenous/external (bottom up); reflexes and sudden changes (e.g. flash/clap) based on whats actually happening in the environment
Endogenous//internal (top down); controlled, instructed to send attention there; based on what the observer believes
EVIDENCE Posner et al - used boxes; better reaction time for valid than invalid location
Zoom LensTheory - Eriksen and St. James 1986- additon to spotlight theory.
Narrow Beam - focus on middle of word
EVIDENCE Laberge, 1983, supported this with 5 letter words
Broad Beam - focus on everything/the whole word
Spatial Attention - Bichot, Cave et al, 1999)
Can be split across two locations
Neural sites; studied via human brain lesions, brain scans and monkeys. EVIDENCE Posner & Peterson, 1990 (Posterier/Anterior)
Posterior - expression of attention. Three interacting systems - disengagement, shifts and engagment of attention (exogenous)
Anterior - control of attention (endogenous)
EVIDENCE (for space attention) Disorders
Unilateral pareital damage = neglect syndrome
left side neglect more commom as right hemisphere represents left (and a small bit of right)
Neglect is a propblem with attention not low-level perception
Object
attention can be directed at objects aswell as space
Rock and Guttman, 1981, layed two objects on top of each other, subjects had to attend to one. Later, they could not remembr the unattended one.
Neglect patients can also have trouble e.g. disect line off centre as they cant see the full line
Duncan, 1984 - easier to judge two attributes of one object that the same two from dif. objects even though spatial distance is the same
Attention 2
Selective attention can be drawn towards the location of emotional stimuli
Mind and Computing
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