Pollution

Nota:

• pollution is unwelcome concentration of substances beyond the environment's capacity to handle.

1. examples

   Nota:

   • ~nitrogen and phosphorus ~copper ~carbon dioxide beneficial to perform photosynthesis ~poisonous synthetic compounds e.g. DDT(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane),dioxides,organic chlorines ~substances not biodegradable e.g. plastics,DDT
2. Air pollution
   1. Types of air pollution

      Nota:

      • 1.primary pollutant - originated directly from sources such as hydrogen sulphide(H2S),sulphide dioxide(SO2),nitric oxide(NO),Ammonia (NH3),Hydrogen halides (HX),&oxide of carbon. secondary pollutants- formed in the atmosphere by chemical interaction with nitric dioxide(NO2),sulphuric acid(H2SO4),Ozone(O3), and other primary constituents.
   2. Sources and effects of air pollution

      Nota:

      • Sources: * Natural sources:All windblown or wind assisted pollutants. * Anthropogenic sources: pollutant caused by human activities. Effects: 1.Reduction of visibility 2.Reduction of solar radiation 3.Green house effect 4.Effects on plants and animals 5.Ozone layer depletion,acid rain 6.Smog
   3. measurement of air pollution

      Nota:

      • air pollution by the unit called PM10. Country. PM10 Nepal. 120 EU. 50 USA. 60 Disease that are caused by air pollution ant their measurements are: asthama. 100PM10 Bronchitis. 150PM10 Diesel powered cars emit 100 times more particulate than petrol powered cars. Which of the three places of Kathmandu's valley exceeds 120 PM10 : #putlisadak, #thamel, #patan hospital area on which date at the first day of the curfew was held and PM 10 was measured to be 7.7? April 8,2006.