Architecture and Emerging Technologies

generation
1. 1G
  1. 1st generation
    1. initial 1980's
  2. It has a data rate up to 2.4kbps
  3. Major subscribers were Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).
  4. disadvantages
    1. par capacity
    2. reckless handoff
    3. inferior voice associations
    4. with no security
2. 2G
  1. 2nd generation
    1. late 1990’s
  2. used in mobile telephones
  3. Global Systems for Mobile communications (GSM)
  4. chiefly used for
    1. voice communication
  5. its main features
    1. data rate up to 64kbps
    2. 2G mobile handset battery lasts longer
    3. Short Message Service (SMS)
    4. e-mail
3. 2.5g
  1. 2nd generation cellular system
  2. General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)
    1. other amenities doesn’t commonly endow in 2G or 1G networks.
  3. its main features
    1. packet switching
    2. circuit switching
    3. data rate up to 144kbps
4. 3G
  1. 3rd generation
    1. late 2000
  2. transmission rate up to 2Mbps.
  3. services based on Internet Protocol (IP)
  4. disadvantage
    1. require more power
    2. plans are more expensive
      1. Wideband
5. 3.75G
  1. Long-Term Evolution technology (LTE)
  2. Fixed Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (FIXED WIMAX)
  3. mobile data services
  4. provides a substantial number of users the facility to access a broad range of high speed services
  5. improved performance for less cost
6. 4G
  1. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
  2. Long Term Evolution (LTE)
  3. Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX)
  4. improve the communication
  5. based on IP
  6. services
    1. voice
    2. data
    3. multimedia
    4. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)
    5. video chat
7. 5G
  1. Beam Division Multiple Access (BDMA)
  2. higher capacity
  3. higher data rate
  4. lower End to End latency
  5. massive device connectivity
  6. reduced cost
  7. consistent Quality of Experience
evolution
1. wireless
  1. device
    1. satellite communication
    2. television
    3. radio transmission has advanced
    4. mobile telephone
  2. in terms
    1. data rate
    2. coverage
    3. mobility
    4. spectral efficiency
2. technology
  1. circuit switching
    1. 1G-2G-2.5G-3G-3.5G-5G
  2. packet switching
    1. 2.5G-3G-3.5G-5G
  3. licensed spectrum
    1. use
      1. WIFI
      2. Bluetooth
      3. WiMAX
    2. 3.5G-5G
  4. unlicensed spectrum
    1. 3.5G-5G

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