60952
Factors of Independence
- Economy
- Indian imports fell
1928/29 £83 million
1935/36 £39 million
Nota:
- Boycotts especially cloth
- Gradual decline in
revenue from india
- 1931
Reserve
Bank of
India
- Exchange rate
no longer tied to
sterling
- Imports more expensive,
exports not so profitable
- Imports more expensive,
exports not so profitable
- Exchange rate
no longer tied to
sterling
- Impact of WW2
- Cost of rebuilding in Britain
- By the end the war
was costing £70
million a day
- Cost of rebuilding in Britain
- The cost of running the empire
had increased to £1.4 billion p.a
by the end of the war
- Indian imports fell
1928/29 £83 million
1935/36 £39 million
- Labour
- Socialist, ideological belief
that independence is the
right thing
- Economy
- Need to rebuild Britain
- Want to increase social reforms
such as NHS
- Want to increase social reforms
such as NHS
- Need to rebuild Britain
- Socialist, ideological belief
that independence is the
right thing
- CommunalViolence/ civil unrest
- Britain worried
they cannot
control India
- 1946 Direct Action Day
resulted in Calcutta
killings
Nota:
- It is thought that the Chief Minister of Bengal incited the violence against local Hindus. It is also now believed that the underworld criminal gangs took advantage and exploited the initial trouble that broke out. There were hartals held all over India that were peaceful
- 1921
Chauri
Chaura
- 1922
Moplah
Rebellion
- 1946
Bombay
Mutiny
Nota:
- 20,000 sailors took control of their ships. Britain needed Congress to get it under control
- 1946 Direct Action Day
resulted in Calcutta
killings
- Demobbed soldiers
still had weapons
- Britain worried
they cannot
control India
- International Pressure
- Wilson's 14 points,
one was national self
determination
- Atlantic Charter 1941
- Crips Mission 1942
- Debt - war time loans
- 2.73 billion -
mainly to the
US
- 2.73 billion -
mainly to the
US
- Wilson's 14 points,
one was national self
determination
- Mountbatten
- Determind to create
a quick transfer of
power
- keen to please
Congress (Nehru
particularly)
- They want independence
- They want independence
- keen to please
Congress (Nehru
particularly)
- Determind to create
a quick transfer of
power
- Congress/Nationalist Campaigns
- Lahore Session 1929
- Independence becomes
formal aim of Congress and
Muslim League
- Independence becomes
formal aim of Congress and
Muslim League
- Gandhi's campaigns
- Round table conferences
- 2nd Round Table Conf.
Gandhi only rep of
Congress - only allowed to
agree to full independence
- 2nd Round Table Conf.
Gandhi only rep of
Congress - only allowed to
agree to full independence
- Lahore Session 1929
- World War 2
- Britain not prepared to fight /
build up army post war
- Reform offered as reward
- 1940
offer/Cripps
mission
- 1940
offer/Cripps
mission
- INA shows INdians prepared to fight
- Quit India Movement
- POW's had potential
to cause civil unrest
- Lots of Indian POW's
who had fought for INA
- If they let them go,
seen as weak
Nota:
- Could convict of treason, sentence to death, make them martyrs
- Britain decides to select 1 Sikh, 1 Muslim and 1 Hindu
- Not favouring 1 group but
all religious groups against
them
- Court martial, tried for
treason, convicted,
sentenced to
deportation
- Forced to release
prisoners due to
potential uprising
- Not favouring 1 group but
all religious groups against
them
- If they let them go,
seen as weak
- Lots of Indian POW's
who had fought for INA
- Britain not prepared to fight /
build up army post war
- Bengal Famine
- Britain seen as
responsible
- Created unrest
- Increased
pressure to
leave
- Britain seen as
responsible
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