Breathing andRespiration

Descripción

Biology Spec 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3
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Resumen del Recurso

Breathing andRespiration
  1. Breathing
    1. Respiratory system
      1. In a nutshell: Breathe in so Oxygen diffuses into bloodstream, breathe out so CO2 diffuses out of bloodstream
        1. To Inhale
          1. 1. Intercostal muscles contract pulling ribcage upwards
            1. 2. Diaphragm contracts, causing it to flatten
              1. 3. (1) and (2) cause increase in volume of Thorax
                1. 4. As a result, body has lower conc. of air than outside, so air goes in
                2. To Exhale
                  1. 1. Intercostal muscles relax, so ribcage moves downwards
                    1. 2. Diaphragm relaxes, returning to domed shape
                      1. 3. (1) and (2) Cause reduction in volume of thorax
                        1. 4. As a result, body has higher conc. of air than outside, so air goes out
                      2. Alveoli provide HUGE S.A, with blood capillaries, so gases readily diffuse into and out of blood
                        1. Healthy person breathes all the time, but may stop due to disease or injury. Can be helped though:
                          1. Negative pressure ventilators.
                            1. CAUSES air to be drawn in
                            2. Positive pressure ventilators
                              1. FORCES air in
                        2. Respiration
                          1. Releases energy for lots of things:
                            1. 1. Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
                              1. 2. Animals use it to MOVE (muscles contract)
                                1. 3. Mammals and birds use it to keep them warm
                                  1. 4. Plants use it to build sugars etc. in amino acids to proteins
                                2. Circulation
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