Hydrosere

Hydrosere

Properties of Water
1. Changes of State
  1. Solid, Liquid & Gas
  2. Evaporation / Condensation / Melting / Solidification
2. Anomalous Expansion
  1. Unusual Expansion
  2. Applied to water, which expands as it's cooled below 4C
3. Heat Capacity
  1. Water heats up and cools slowly
  2. Maintains stability by moderation temperature
4. Solvent Properties
  1. Dissolved Substances
Hydrological Cycle
1. Sources of Energy
  1. Solar: Providing energy for evaporation
  2. Gravitational: Downward movement of precipitation
2. Residence Time
  1. Average length of time water stays in a resevoir
  2. Volume in Resevoir / Rate of Transfer from/to a resevoir
3. Processes & (Human Impacts)
  1. Inputs
    1. Precipitation (Global Climate Change)
  2. Throughflow
    1. Interception (Deforestation)
    2. Infiltration (Soil Compaction)
    3. Percolation (Soil Compaction)
    4. Ground Water Flow (Actions reducing Infiltration)
  3. Outputs
    1. Evaporation (Increased Temperature)
    2. Transpiration (Vegetation Changes)
Water as a Resource
1. Uses
  1. Abstractive
    1. Remove Water
    2. Domestic - Washing, Industrial - Cooling, Agricultural - Irrigation
  2. Non-Abstractive
    1. Recreation, Energy (HEP), Transport
2. Water Quality Requirements
  1. Turbidity (Removal of suspended solids)
  2. pH (Water too acidic, dissolves copper pipes)
  3. Calcium ('Harder' Water > Reduces Tooth Decay > Increases Scum
  4. Pesticides (Can be toxic)
  5. Dissolved Oxygen (Low levels make water smell)
  6. Chlorine (Added to sterilise)
  7. Metals (Damage Nervous System)
  8. Ecoli Abundance (Pathogens cause Disease)

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