Mary Ainsworth created an experiment called the "Strange Situation". With the first baby, when her mother was in the room she would feel secure and play with the toys and explore the room. A stranger then enters the room, then attempts to play with the baby. The baby avoids the stranger and goes back to her mom. When the mother then left the room, the baby cried and would not allow herself to be comforted by the stranger. When the mother left again the baby was left alone. When the stranger reentered without the mother, the baby was still upset. This baby had a secure attachment with her mother.
Harry Harlow
Monkey Experiments
Nota:
A baby monkey was given the choice between a soft, cloth
'mother' and a cold mother that had milk. They always chose
the soft cuddly mother.
Contact Confort
Nota:
Infants prefer touch over their necessities.
Konrad Lorenz
Erik Erikson
Social Development
1) Trust vs. Mistrust
2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3) Initiative vs. Guilt
4) Industry vs. Inferiority
5) Identity vs. Role Confusion
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation
7) Generativity vs.Stagnation
Lawrence Kohlberg
Moral Development
Nota:
Tested and described the three stages of moral development by asking males moral
questions about different dilemmas.
Preconventional
Nota:
First Stage: Obidience and Punishment
Conventional
Nota:
Second Stage: Maintaining Social Order
Postconventional
Nota:
Third Stage: Universal Principles
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal Development
Baumrind
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
Nota:
Parents are democratic in their
reinforcement and allow children to know
why they are being punished.
Permissive
Nota:
Children are not told what to do, but are expected to
learn from their mistakes.