A-Landmarks

Nota:

• It's one of primary centers of calcification and Growth formed during crown development  ----  Eash tooth has four or five lobes ... Pulp chamber has pulp horns corressponding to these lobes 

Nota:

• Just learn how to name the lobes of each tooth from hand out >>

Nota:

• Anterior teeth+(premolars)*=4 lobes  EXCEPT SECOND PREMOLAR HAVE 5 LOBES ------------------------------------------ Molars*=4  lobes  EXCEPT FIRST MOLAR=5 LOBE -------------------------------------------   Note   sometimes   --incisors may have 3 lobes   ----maxillary Lateral incisor ,supernumery teeth  may have less than 3 lobes   --------------------------------
• Conclusion : all teeth have 4 lobes Except LOWER SECOND PREMOLAR 5  LOWER FIRST MOLAR  5  ------------------------------- SOMETIMES  maxillary lateral incisor (peg-shaped) may have 3 lobes in addition to  superNumerary teeth 

Nota:

• Three small rounded projections found on incisal third of newly erupted teeth  -------------------------- 3 PULP HORNS --------------------- they wear down by age 

Nota:

• Smooth rounded prominence on cervical third of lingual surface of the crown of  incisors and canines

Nota:

• It's pyramidal projection found on posterior teeth and incisal portion of canine  Formed of enamel,dentin and pulp 

Nota:

• It's a small elevation produced by excessive formation of enamel Palatal surface of E&6 sometimes>> Lingual surface of incisors  formed only of enamel while cusps are formed of enamel,dentin and pulp horn  

Nota:

• It is "a linear elevation "  on different surfaces of the crown Named by location and shape  

1. **Labial

   Nota:

   • Where is it ? How is it formed ?  
   • canines  RESULT OF highly developed labial middle lobe
2. **Buccal

   Nota:

   • Where ??!(surface,tooth) How is it formed !? 
   • Buccal surface of premolars Result of highly developped middle buccal lobe 
3. Cervical

   Nota:

   • where? where is it developed ?!
   • cervical third of all teeth  ,but highly developed on  Dicidious first molar then second molar
4. Incisal

   Nota:

   • WHERE?     THE "RIGDE" IS TRASFORMED INTO "EDGE "BY Attrition
   • lingual  surface of newly erupted inscisors at its incisal margin
5. Cusp ridges

   Nota:

   • THEY FORM An Angle at cusp tip when viewed from facial and lingual aspect Cusp slopes-arms  which is longer mesial or distal ridge ?!  
   • destal ridge is usually longer than mesial ridge  Except c&4 Where mesial is longer than distal ridge 
6. Lingual

   Nota:

   • where?! Lingual surface of the canines extending from cingulum to cusp tip (maxillary) ---------------- extending from cingulum to incisal third (mandibular) 
7. Marginal

   Nota:

   • Linear elevation where?   All teeth  mesial and distal margins of lingual surface of  anterior teeth, Occlusal surface of posterior teeth  
8. Tringular

   Nota:

   • It's tringular in shape  decend from cusp tip to center of occlusal surface of posterior teeth 
9. Transverse

   Nota:

   • How is it formed !? found usually on lowerpremolars
   • Result of union of two tringular cusps facing each other crossing the occlusal surface transversly  (Buccolingually direction)
10. Oblique

    Nota:

    • How is it formed ?!
    • It is formed by the union of two triangular ridges of  two  cusps not facing each other and crossing the occlusal surface of maxillary molars  mesiolingual and distobuccal destination

Nota:

• DEFINATION ? Location 
• It's sharply defined linear depression denoting union of two lobes occlusal surface of posterior teeth May extend to lingual and buccal surface 

1. Defination
2. LOCATION

Nota:

• small,irregular and auxilliary grooves occlusal surface of posterior teeth  Don't denote union of lobes Third and second molars are most characterized by high number of supplemental grooves

1. Defination
2. location

Nota:

• Defination?  where?? Formation ?! Dental caries 
• Linear depressions On bottom of developmental grooves   results from incomplete union of primary lobes  Dental caries often  begins in a deep fissure

1. Defination
2. Formation
3. Location
4. Dental caries

Nota:

• what is it ?! where?!  Types? 
• small depression in both anterior and posterior teeth Lingual  mesial and distal   central 

1. Defination
2. Location
3. formation

Nota:

• what is it ??  / where ? faulty pit ? 
• small pinpoint depression at the ends of developmental grooves  Pit at end of buccal or lingual developmental groove

1. Defination
2. Location
3. Faulty pit

Nota:

• Defination
• it's a broad or valley depression on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth meet in developmental groove  and extend to cusp tip

1. Defination

1. space bone contains Developing un erupted tooth

1. space bone contains root of Erupted tooth