Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Sleep
1. Sleep
  1. Stages of sleep
    1. Stage 1
      1. Brief and transitional
      2. Alpha > Theta
    2. Stage 2
      1. Sleep spindles
    3. Stages 3 & 4
      1. Slow-wave sleep
      2. Delta waves
    4. Stage 5
      1. REM sleep
        EEG similar to when awake
        Vivid dreaming
        Developmental differences in REM sleep
  2. Neural bases of sleep
    1. Brain Structures
      1. Medulla
      2. Thalamus
      3. Hypothalmus
      4. Limbic system
      5. Pons
        Critical for REM sleep
      6. Ascending reticular activating system
        A system of fibers running through the Reticular formation
        Influence Physiological Arousal
    2. Neurotransmitters
      1. Acetylcholine
      2. Serotonion
      3. As well as norepinephrine, dopamine and GABA
  3. Sleep Depravation
    1. Complete Deprivation
      1. 3 or 4 days max
    2. Partial Deprivation
      1. Impaired attention, reaction time coordination and decision masking
    3. Selective Depravation
      1. Remand slow-wave sleep rebound effect
  4. Sleep problems
    1. Insomnia
    2. Narcolepsy
    3. Sleep apnea
    4. Nightmares
    5. Night terrors
    6. Somnambulism/ sleep walking
Hypnosis and meditation
1. Hypnosis
  1. A systematic procedure that increases suggestibility
  2. Hypnotic Suggestibility varies from person to person.
  3. Effects of Hypnosis
    1. Pain Relief
    2. Hallucinations
    3. Disinhibition
    4. Post Hypnotic sugestion
2. Meditation
  1. Practice that trains attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater controll
  2. Similar to Relaxation
Drugs and Addiction
1. Drugs
  1. A chemical substance that alters perception, mood or behaviour
  2. Produce an altered state of consciousness
  3. Types of Drugs
    1. Depressents
      1. Reduce neural Activity
      2. Alcohol and sedatives
    2. Inhalants
      1. Chemical inhaled to alter consciousness
      2. Low doses relax
      3. High doses cause hallucinations and loss of consciousness
      4. Paint, gasoline, etc.
    3. Opiates/Narcotics
      1. Depress neural activity
      2. Relieve pain
      3. Opium, morphine, oxycodone, and Heroin
    4. Stimulants
      1. Excite neural activity and speed up body functions
      2. Wide range of stimulants
      3. Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine
    5. Hallucinogens/psychedelic drugs
      1. Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images
      2. LSD, mescaline and marijuna
2. Addiction
  1. Physical Dependence
  2. Psychological Dependence
  3. Tolerance
  4. Withdrawal symptoms
  5. Drug rebound effect
Biological Rythms
1. Circadian Rythms
  1. 24 hour biological cycle
  2. Regulates Melatonin
  3. Physiological pathway of biological clock
  4. Regulates sleep and other biological functions

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