Crude Oil and Fuels C1.4

Fuels From Crude Oil
1. Crude Oil
  1. Dark + Smelly
  2. Mixture of different chemical compunds
    1. Mixture
      1. Not chemically joined
  3. Fractions
    1. Groups of alkanes with similar boiling points
2. Hydrocarbons
  1. CNH2N+2
  2. Methane
    1. CH4
  3. Ethane
    1. C2H6
  4. Propane
    1. C3H8
  5. Butane
    1. C4H10
  6. Alkanes
    1. Saturated Hydrocarbons
    2. Only Single Bonds
Compounds In Crude Oil
1. Short Chain Alkanes
  1. Low Boiling Point
  2. Very Volatile
  3. Low viscosity (runny)
  4. Very Flammable
2. Long Chain Alkanes
  1. High Boiling Point
  2. Not very volatile
  3. High viscosity (thick)
  4. Not very flammable
Fractional Distillation
1. In a fractionating column
  1. Hotter at the bottom
  2. Cooler at the top
2. Crude Oil is put in
  1. Separated into fractions
  2. As a gas
    1. After being vaporised
3. Gases condense
  1. Certain part of the column
    1. Cooler than boiling point
Combustion
1. Of Alkanes
  1. Produces: CO2 + H2O
    1. CO2 Global Warming
2. Carbon and hydrogen
  1. Oxidised completely
    1. Oxidised
      1. Adding oxygen in reaction
        Where oxides are formed
3. Impurities
4. Lack of oxygen
  1. Incomplete combustion
    1. Carbon Monoxide
      1. Affects the amount of water blood can carry
5. Particulates
  1. Dangerous
6. In an engine
  1. Nitrogen and Oxygen
    1. Nitrous oxides
      1. Poisonous
  2. High temperatures
Cleaner Fuels
1. Burning Fuels
  1. Particulates
    1. Global Dimming
      1. Reflecting Sunlight
2. Catalytic Converter
  1. Reduces
    1. carbon monoxide
    2. nitrogen oxide
3. Filters
  1. Remove particulates
Alternative Fuels
1. Biofuels

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Crude Oil and Fuels C1.4

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