Short Summary:
Abraham, a men, is the ancestor of the Israelites. He and his family migrated to Canaan became farmers.
About 1800 B.C.E., Moses, one of the leader, led the Israelites escape from the attack from Egypt.
By 1000 B.C.E., Israelites set up the kingdom in Canaan. it was ruled by King Saul, then by King David, and finally by David's son, King Solomon
Jewish beliefs
Monothesim
Believed in one God
Believed in a solemn duty to honor and obey God.
Feeling a personal relationship with God
Speak to God through payer
Following God's Law
The Torah instructs Jew lead a life that pleases God
Judaism's oldest laws are the Ten Commandments
Tell the Jews how to honor God
Nota:
For example, one commandment tells Jews to set aside a holy day, the Sabbath, every week
Jewish religious leaders developed a set of laws
Nota:
For example, there were rules about how to prepare food and what food should be avoided.
Equality and Social Justice
Judaism teaches that all people who keep the laws are equal in God's sight
Nota:
Belief in equality goes hand in hand a concern for social justice.
Torah teach about treating everyone fairly
Nota:
For example, "You shall open wide your hand to your brother
"
Preserving the Teachings
Rabbi Yohanan ben Zaccai
helped preserve Judaism
Nota:
When the revolt against Rome began in 66 C.E., ben Zakkai feared for the future of Judaism. He worried that if the rabbis died in the fighting and the Temple were destroyed, Judaism might not survive.
center of Jewish learning
Nota:
At their school, ben Zakkai and the other rabbis educated new rabbis. Teachers came from many places to study at Yavneh.
New Teachers and Practices
Synagogue
Nota:
The rabbis made the synagogue important. A synagogue is a house of worship, as well as a place to study, to meet, and to gather socially. Synagogues strengthened Jewish communities.
Created a religious service
Nota:
Prayer and study of sacred texts became a new way to worship
Jewish Leaders
Abraham
Father of God
belief to the Israelites
God spoke to Abraham
Nota:
telling him to move his family from Mesopotamia to Canaan, later called the Land of Israel.
Life of Abraham
Abraham's Covenant with God
Nota:
God spoke to Abraham when he was about 75 years old. God said, "Go from your country, your people and your father's house hold to the land I will show you."
When he was 99 years old, God spoke to him again, "I will make a covenant between myself and you"
Abraham's Descendants
Nota:
Abraham had married a women called Sarai, before he left Ur. t God promised that Abraham's wife would have a son. God gave Sarai a new name, Sarah, which means “princess.” Sahara gave the birth of Isaac. Their son Isaac and his wife Rebekah. Rebekah gave birth to Jacob.
Moses
greatest leader of the Israelites
gave Judaism its foundational teachings.
David and Solomon
created a united kingdom
Nota:
during the reigns of King Saul, King David, King Solomon.
King David established Jerusalem as a holy city and the capital of Israel.
King Solomon built Jerusalem's great First Temple.