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'State' Statements for Chemicals of life
- the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
- a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including sulphur, calcium, phosphorus, iron and
sodium
- one role for each of the elements mentioned in 3.1.2
- Sulphur (S): Found in certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine), allowing proteins to form disulphide
bonds
- Calcium (Ca): Found in bones and teeth, also involved in neurotransmitter release in synapses
- Phosphorus (P): Component of nucleic acids and cell membranes
- Iron (Fe): Found in haemoglobin (animals), allowing for oxygen transport
- Sodium (Na): Involved in the generation of nerve impulses in neurons
- Sulphur (S): Found in certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine), allowing proteins to form disulphide
bonds
- one role for each of the elements mentioned in 3.1.2
- one function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants
- Animal
- Glucose
- A source of energy which can be broken down to form ATP via cellular respiration
- A source of energy which can be broken down to form ATP via cellular respiration
- Lactose
- A sugar found in the milk of mammals, providing energy for suckling infants
- A sugar found in the milk of mammals, providing energy for suckling infants
- Glycogen
- Used by animals for short term energy storage (between meals) in the liver
- Used by animals for short term energy storage (between meals) in the liver
- Glucose
- Plant
- Fructose
- Found in honey and onions, it is very sweet and a good source of energy
- Found in honey and onions, it is very sweet and a good source of energy
- Sucrose
- Used primarily as a transportable energy form (e.g. sugar beets and sugar cane)
- Used primarily as a transportable energy form (e.g. sugar beets and sugar cane)
- Cellulose
- Used by plant cells as a strengthening component of the cell wall
- Used by plant cells as a strengthening component of the cell wall
- Fructose
- Animal
- three functions of lipids
- Structure
- Phospholipids are a main component of cell membranes
- Phospholipids are a main component of cell membranes
- Storage of energy
- Triglycerides can be used as a long-term energy storage source
- Triglycerides can be used as a long-term energy storage source
- Protection
- Triglycerides may form a tissue layer around many key internal organs and provide protection against
physical injury
- Triglycerides may form a tissue layer around many key internal organs and provide protection against
physical injury
- Structure
- names of the four bases in DNA
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosin
- Cytosin
- Adenine
- in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of
ATP
- that photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy
- chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment
- chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment
- light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours
- light energy is used to produce ATP, and to split water molecules (photolysis) to form oxygen and hydrogen
- ATP and hydrogen (derived from the photolysis of water) are used to fix carbon molecules to make organic
molecules
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