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7249117
Bones of lower limb
Descripción
Osteopathy Mapa Mental sobre Bones of lower limb, creado por Eugene McLaughlin el 13/12/2016.
Sin etiquetas
osteopathy
Mapa Mental por
Eugene McLaughlin
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Menos
Creado por
Eugene McLaughlin
hace más de 7 años
26
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0
Resumen del Recurso
Bones of lower limb
Tibia & Fibula
Articulates with femoral condyles - proximally
Articulates with talus - distally
Fibula is for muscle attachment but also supports ankle joint
Connected by dense oblique fibres
Interosseous membrane
Femur
Shaft
Linea aspera
Aponeurotic attachment for thigh muscles
Divides the supracondylar lines
Leading to the medial & lateral epicondyles
Medial & lateral condyles - inferior too
Femoral condyles articulate with menisci
Menisci - plates of fibrocartilage
Femoral condyles articulate with tibia plateau via menisci
Condyles form a relatively flat articular surface
Tibia
Tibial tuberosity provides attachments for the patellar ligament
Inferior surface of the tibial shaft & lateral surface of medial malleolus articulate with talus
Therefore covered with articular cartilage
As does the lateral malleolus of the fibula which extends 1cm more distally
Nutrient foramen on the tibia provides passage of the main artery supplying the proximal bone and marrow
Medial and lateral condyles separated by intercondylar eminence
Formed by two intercondylar tubercles
Tubercles fit into the intercondylar fossa between femoral condyles
Provide attachment for the menisci, ACL & PCL which hold the femur & tibia together
Anterior & posterior to which are rough intercondylar areas
Proximal attachments of MCL & LCL
Superior to medial epicondyle is adductor tubercle
Intertrochanteric line
Continues inferiorly and posteriorly as the spiral/pectineal line
Neck & shaft join (anteriorly)
Roughened ridge formed by attachment of iliofemoral ligament
Head
Covered with articular cartilage (Hyaline)
Except at a depression (fovea)
Attachment of ligament of head of femur
Neck
Advantageous for bipedal walking it imposes considerable strain of femoral neck
Fractures of neck can occur in elderly people
Angle of inclination between the head & shaft is greatest as a child & becomes more acute as an adult - average 126 degrees
Thigh adductors & rotators attach mainly to the apex of the angle
Greater trochanter
Intertrochanteric crest
Posteriorly connects the trochanters
Quadrate tubercle
Rounded projection on the crest
Therefore they are pulling on a lever that is directed more laterally providing increased leverage for adduction
Angle allows greater mobility at the hip as it places the head/neck more perpendicular to the acetabulum
Angle is less in females due to wider hips and more oblique femurs
Heaviest/Longest bone in the body
Transmits body weight from hip bone to the tibia
Oblique within the thighs so when standing, the knees are inferior to the trunk
Returns centre of gravity medially to the vertical lines of legs & feet
Hip
Acetabulum
Socket that articulates with the head of femur to form the hip joint
Made easier by smooth lunate surface of the acetabulum
Acetabular notch
Transverse acetabular ligament
Acetabular fossa
Depression in the acetabulum
Formed by fusion of 3 bones
Ilium
Superior part of acetabulum
Thick medial portions for weightbearing
Thin posterolateral portions (Ala) that provide broad surfaces for muscle attachment
iliac crest provides important site for aponeurotic attachment
Attachment for thin sheet like muscles of deep fascia
iliac fossa
Smooth depression for iliacus
Gluteal Fossa
Gluteal lines
Gluteus Maximus
Posterior to posterior line & iliac crest
Gluteus Medius
Between posterior & anterior lines
Gluteus Minimus
Between anterior & inferior lines
Pubis
Forms anterior part of acetabulum
pubic crest provides attachment for abdominals
Obturator Foramen
Formed by rami of pubis and ischium
Obturator Canal
allows passage of the obturator nerve and blood vessels
Minimise bony mass
Obturator Membrane
Closes the foramen around the canal
provides extensive surface area on both sides for muscle attachment
Ischium
Lesser sciatic notch serves as a trochlea (pulley)
ischial spine between the sciatic notches provides ligamentous attachment
Posterior-inferior part of acetabulum
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