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A smoker with chronic cough
- Genetic basis of neoplasia
- Normal cell
- DNA damage
- Failure of DNA repair
- Mutation in the genome of somatic cells
- Activation of
growth-promoting
oncogenes
- Inactivation of
tumor suppressor
genes
- Unregulated cell
proliferation
- Unregulated cell
proliferation
- Alteration in genes
that regulate
apoptosis
- Decreased apoptosis
- Clonal expansion
- Tumor progression
- Malignant neoplasm
- Invasion and metastasis
- Grading and staging of cancer
- Grading: it's
description of a
tumor based on how
abnormal the tumor
cells and the tumor
tissue look under a
microscope
- Staging: stage
refers to the
extent of the
cancer, such as
how large the
tumor is and if
it has spread.
- Grading: it's
description of a
tumor based on how
abnormal the tumor
cells and the tumor
tissue look under a
microscope
- Invasion and metastasis
- Malignant neoplasm
- Tumor progression
- Clonal expansion
- Decreased apoptosis
- Inherited mutations in:
-Gene affecting DNA repair -
Gene affecting cell growth
or apoptosis
- Activation of
growth-promoting
oncogenes
- Mutation in the genome of somatic cells
- Failure of DNA repair
- DNA damage
- Acquired (environmental)
DNA damaging agents:
-Chemicals -Radiation-
viruses
- Normal cell
- Benign vs malignant
- Cancer Risk Factors
- Age
- Carcinogens
- Chemical
- Physical
- Biological
- Bacteria and viruses (infections)
- Bacteria and viruses (infections)
- UV radiation
Ionizing radiation
- Biological
- Aflatoxin - Smoke - Polyhydrocarbons -
Arsenic - Asbestos - Vinyl chloride - Food
preservatives- Chemotherapeutic drugs
- Physical
- Chemical
- Hereditary (Genetic
Mutations)
- Familial retinoblastoma -
Familial Adenomatous polyposis-
Li Fraumani syndrome -
Xeroderma pigmentosum
BRCA1, BRCA2 gene mutations -
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)
syndrome
- Familial retinoblastoma -
Familial Adenomatous polyposis-
Li Fraumani syndrome -
Xeroderma pigmentosum
BRCA1, BRCA2 gene mutations -
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)
syndrome
- Age
- Smoking and Cancer
- Tumor
Nomenclature
- Tumor markers
- substances
produced by
tumor cells or
by other cells of
the body in
response to
cancer or
certain benign
(noncancerous)
conditions
- substances
produced by
tumor cells or
by other cells of
the body in
response to
cancer or
certain benign
(noncancerous)
conditions
- Diagnosis of cancer
- Sampling approaches
- Biopsy (incision, excision,
needle biopsy)
- Cytology (FNA, cytologic
smears)
- Frozen section
- Biopsy (incision, excision,
needle biopsy)
- Specimen collection
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
- Flow cytometry
- FISH
- PCR
- Gene expression profiling
- Whole genome sequencing
- Imaging tests
- Sampling approaches
- Cancer management
- Treatment
- Chemptherapy
- Radiation
- Surgery
- Chemptherapy
- Follow up
- Recurrence of cancer - Side
effects of treatment - BMI
- Mammography - ECG -
Pulmonary Function test- CT
scans and blood tests
- Recurrence of cancer - Side
effects of treatment - BMI
- Treatment
- cancer statistics in UAE
- Men cancers
- 1- lung
- 2- Colorectal
- 3- Leukemia
- 4- liver
- 5- pancreas
- 5- pancreas
- 4- liver
- 3- Leukemia
- 2- Colorectal
- 1- lung
- Women cancers
- 1-Breast
- 2- Colorectal
- 3- leukemia
- 4- liver
- 5- pancreas
- 5- pancreas
- 4- liver
- 3- leukemia
- 1-Breast
- Men cancers
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