Archaeology lecture 2

Mantheo was a Ptolemaic Historian
1. 3rd Century BC he divided Egyptian history into dynasties
  1. He had access to sources we don't
Early Dynastic, 3000BC
1. Whole country united, upper and lower, governed from Memphis
2. Years of stabilty and order
End of late period??
1. Macedonian Greek Plotemics expelled Persians
  1. Governed Egypt as part of Meditteranian super state until 30BC
2. Used Roman Bread and Circus system
Developement of burial rights
1. Gebelein, 3200BC, foetal position with grave goods
  1. Pots, probably with food and milk
  2. Concept of afterlife
2. Hierakonpolis- first major temple. Earlier temple under later
  1. Symbols of Kingship eg. Narmer Palette, explains unification
    1. Standard depiction of power, used in Roman times
3. Early Dynastic
  1. Early royal burials in Abydos
  2. Some cult activities
4. Old kingdom, 2686-2181 BC
  1. 'Age of pyramids'
  2. Lower Egypt- Memphis and Nubia- are the focus
  3. Royal settings in capital, concentrated population
  4. Pyramids concentrated in North, near Cairo
    1. Burial of King Djoser in 3rd dynasty
      1. Step pyramid at Saqqara
      2. Imhotep was architect
      3. Visible from capital- power statement
      4. Had valley temple and harbour for transportation and ceremonies
Middle KIngdom 2038-1650
1. Preceeded by period of disarser eg. loss of centralissed authority
2. Emergene of king who looked like kings of old
3. Worshipped at Abydos and Nubia
4. Pyramids made of mud brick covered in Stone
5. Egypt later taken over by Syrian Palastines, the Hixos
6. Expanded in near east, ringing Egypt with protective client states
7. Gold from Nubia
  1. Allowed for Temple building eg. temple of Amun in Karnu
8. KIngs buried in Valley of the Kings
9. Brief period of monotheism under KIng Akhenaten, unpopular and soon replaced
Late period 664-332BC
1. Memphis no longer base, kings moved to Delta
  1. New capitals eg. Tanis in eastern Delta
2. Weak and reused materials
3. Conquroed by Nubian Pharos then twice by Perians
4. Alexander expelled Persians then died
  1. Generals divided his KIngdom, with Ptolemy being best
  2. Egypt now faced Mediteranian
Ptolemiac dynasty, 305-30BC
1. Building across Egypt
2. Most famous was Cleopatra VII
Roman period 30-396
1. Overthrown by Romans due to their influence
2. Slight change in material culture, especially funerals, but still mummified
  1. Art changed

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Archaeology lecture 2

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