744443
Krushchev
- Rise to Power
- Stalin had not nominated a successor
- meant that when he died (1953), the leading
members of the politburo decided to
rule collectively
- was not to last long
- was not to last long
- meant that when he died (1953), the leading
members of the politburo decided to
rule collectively
- 1st phase of power struggle (1953-55)
- Malenkov
- leading head of both the government and party
- closely associated with Stalin
- seen as Russia's future leader
- favourable factors
- execution of Beria
- fear Beria was too powerful
and would become the next
Stalin
- executed in 1953 after being
deemed as capitalist agent
- meant threat to Malenkov's
power position removed
- fear Beria was too powerful
and would become the next
Stalin
- execution of Beria
- unfavourable factors
- Krushchev
- appointed 1st secretary
- same amount of power Stalin
had during his power struggle
- same amount of power Stalin
had during his power struggle
- appointed 1st secretary
- policy differences
- various debates b/w Malenkov and CC
- Five year plans and what to focus on
- what to do about low agricultural output
- how to approach west
- Five year plans and what to focus on
- various debates b/w Malenkov and CC
- Krushchev
- opposed by Krushchev
- lost support of CC in 1954
- 1955 - replaced by Bulganin as PM (nominee of Krushchev)
- emerged as most powerful leader
- had much support
- the army
- Ukrainian communist party
- majority of followers in Politburo
- the army
- lost support of CC in 1954
- leading head of both the government and party
- Malenkov
- 2nd phase of power struggle 1957
- Anti-Krushchev majority formed by 1957
- included Malenkov
- nearly overthrown
- why they opposed K
- his style of leadership
- his eco. policies
- the speed and nature of destalinisation
- the pursuit of peaceful co-existance
- his style of leadership
- included Malenkov
- 1957 politburo demanded K resigned - refused
- able to maintain in office due to CC supporters
- why?
- 60% of members were
supporters appointed by
him to official roles
- making genuine effort to solve problems
- CC did not trust anti-K group
- 60% of members were
supporters appointed by
him to official roles
- members such as Malenkov were ousted from party
- marked new tolerance as in Stalin's era, they would have been executed
- marked new tolerance as in Stalin's era, they would have been executed
- why?
- able to maintain in office due to CC supporters
- by 1958, K was in full control of party
- Anti-Krushchev majority formed by 1957
- Stalin had not nominated a successor
- Domestic Policies
- Aims - return to Marxism
and establish communism
- Raise living standards
- raise food production
- switch focus to consumer goods
- raise food production
- decentralise government
power and economy
- Destalinisation
- dismantle Stalin's reforms without
causing collapse of USSR
- improve efficiency of Russian eco
- strengthen K's position
- dismantle Stalin's reforms without
causing collapse of USSR
- Raise living standards
- Successes
- Destalinisation
- 1956 - secret speech
- denounces Stalin for what he did
- purges
- great terror
- his conduct of ww2
- purges
- attempt to dismantle stalin's dictartorship
- denounces Stalin for what he did
- downgrading of secret police and new laws
- abolished special courts
- in future criminal investigations carried out
- in future criminal investigations carried out
- no longer criminal to quit job
- abolished special courts
- 1956 - secret speech
- Destalinisation
- Failures
- virgin land schemes
- attempt to raise grain production
- initially successful
- 1956 production triple to that in 1953
- 1956 production triple to that in 1953
- initially successful
- Krushchev discouraged use of crop cycle and fallow land for quick results
- failed to provide fertilisers too
- fertility of land decreased
- 1960 half of farm land ruined
- 1960 half of farm land ruined
- failed to provide fertilisers too
- many volunteers lost enthusiasm
- Climate in Kazakhstan and Sibieria not suitable for farming
- attempt to raise grain production
- failure to produce maize
- after trip to US, K. decided Russia would also produce corn
- Ukraine fields turned into maize fields
- Ukraine fields turned into maize fields
- huge failure
- Ukraine climate too damp for maize to thrive
- 1962 food process raised = food crisis in Ukraine
- Ukraine climate too damp for maize to thrive
- after trip to US, K. decided Russia would also produce corn
- eco. policies
- 1957 - attempts to
reduce central
control over eco
- set up regional eco councils (Sovnarkhozy)
- hard to organise eco without
central control
- hard to organise eco without
central control
- set up regional eco councils (Sovnarkhozy)
- failure to correct inbalances
- high military spending and high spending on space programs
- 1957 - attempts to
reduce central
control over eco
- virgin land schemes
- Aims - return to Marxism
and establish communism
- Foreign policies
- Aims
- peaceful co-existence with west
- prevent nuclear war
- peaceful co-existence with west
- success
- 1963 Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
- US, UK and USSR agreement to not testing any more atomic bombs
- US, UK and USSR agreement to not testing any more atomic bombs
- 1963 Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
- failures
- 1960 American spy
plane shot down over
USSR
- US denied spy plane and
claimed it was a weather
plane
- However American pilot survived and confessed
- However American pilot survived and confessed
- relation b/w west and USSR seriously declined
- 1961 Berlin Wall built
- 1961 Berlin Wall built
- US denied spy plane and
claimed it was a weather
plane
- 1960 American spy
plane shot down over
USSR
- Aims
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