Dyspepsia

1. Family history
2. Weight Loss
3. Vomitting
4. Dysphagia
5. Upper abdo mass
   1. Oesophageal endoscopy
   2. Tissue biopsy
6. Iron deficiency/GI blood loss
   1. Fatigue

      Nota:

      • - Anemia leaves people feeling tired and run down (less blood to carry oxygen to the body - cells have less energy and so become tired more easily, therefore presenting symptom may be tiredness for anemia --> BLOOD TEST.

Nota:

• - common bacteria in the population, lives in the MUCOSAL layer that lines the collumnar cells of the stomach (MUCIN) - In most people, does not cause any problems but in some --> PEPTIC ULCERS 

1. Stool test
2. Breath test
3. Gastric mucosal biopsy
4. Blood test

Nota:

• Also called 'non ulcer dyspepsia',--> there is no known cause for the dyspepsia such as gastritis, etc. The gastric mucosa looks normal on biopsy.  This is the case for around 6/10 people with dyspepsia.

1. Apsprin

   Nota:

   • - Inhibits the action of the COX-2 enzyme
2. NSAID's
3. Some antibiotics

1. Hiatus hernia

   Nota:

   • - when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm due to a defect. 

Nota:

• - Appear as a red crater in the stomach 

1. CHF
2. Thyroid disease
3. Diabtetes mellitus

Nota:

• - Work by blocking cells in the stomach from producing acid 

1. HR receptor antagonists

   Nota:

   • - also known as HR receptor agonsits - end in 'dine' - Usually second line treatment to PPI's
2. PPI's

   Nota:

   • - also known as proton pump inhibitors - Usually end in 'zole'

1. Don't eat large meals before bed time
2. Loose weight
3. Stop smoking
4. Reduce alcohol intake
5. Try to sit up straight and prop the head slightly up at night time