AYMAN THE SWIMMER

Challenges Of Professional Athletes
1. Handling Pressure for Performance Maintaining Level of Motivation Dealing Powerfully with Media Relations with Coaches and Managers
Most Common Sports Injuries
1. Types of sports injuries.
  1. Sprained ankle
  2. Muscle strains: overstretching or tearing of a muscle, range in severity
  3. Dislocation: moving of a bone out of its normal position
  4. Sublaxation: pops out of place and pops back in by its own
  5. Fractures: occurs when a bone is compressed, twisted or struck with a force greater than the bone can withstand.
2. one of them is
First action in such injuries?
1. -Rest -Cryotherapy (Ice) - Compression - Elevation:to help decrease swelling.
Joints
1. What is a “joint”?
  1. A site in which 2 or more bones meet together
2. What are joints classified according to?
  1. Joints are classified according to 1) MOBILITY 2)THE CONNECTING STRUCTURE BETWEEN THE ARTICULAR SURFACES
3. What are the 3 types of joints?
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
    1. Classification According to
      1. axes of movement?
        Uniaxial: pivot and hinge. Biaxial: saddle, ellipsoid, and condyloid. Multiaxial: Plane and ball-socket.
      2. number of articulating bones?
        Simple: 2 bones only; radioulnar, and acromioclavicular. Compound: more than 2 bones; elbow. Complex: contains intra-capsular structures; knee.
      3. shape of the articular surfaces.
        -plane-pivot-ball and socket- saddle- ellipsod- condyloid
    2. What makes the synovial joint stable?
      1. The shape of articular surface. (most stable? Least stable?) Muscle tone of surrounding muscles. Ligaments of the joint. (capsular and extra-capsular) Negative intra-articular pressure.
ANATOMY OF SHOULDERS
Swimmer’s Shoulder
1. What is the Swimmer’s Shoulder Syndrome ?
  1. musculoskeletal condition that results in symptoms in the area of the anterior lateral aspect of the shoulder, sometimes confined to the subacromial region.
2. What are the consequences ?
  1. Rotator cuff tendinitis refers to irritation of these tendons and inflammation of the bursa (a normally smooth layer) lining these tendons.A rotator cuff tear occurs when one of the tendons is torn from overuse or injury
Physical Examination
1. 1) Inspection
  1. View from the rear, with the patient standing straight Expose the affected shoulder- Inspect the skin color + surface -Height of the shoulder
2. 2) Palpation
  1. clavicle- acromioclavicular joint- coracoid process - borders of the scapula
3. 3) ROM
4. 4) Special Tests
  1. Impingement test
  2. drop arm test
Management
1. Painkillers & NSAIDS
2. surgery (in some cases)
3. physiotherapy
ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS
1. Electrotherapeutic modalities
  1. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
    1. Aid in pain relief.
  2. Functional Electrical Stimulation
    1. interfaces with a patient’s nerve or muscle tissue via surface or implantable electrodes to cause a functional movement
  3. Iontophoresis
    1. Electrical stimulation of charged chemicals can cause their passage through the skin.
2. Laser acupuncture
  1. 1) The technique involves zapping sore joints with a powerful beam of light. 2) reduction in pain and discomfort and an improvement in their quality of life.
3. Traction
  1. technique of using a pulling force to overcome the static positioning of joints, bones, and soft tissues.
  2. The purpose of traction is to guide the body part back into place and hold it steady.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
1. GATE-CONTROL THEORY
shoulder pain
1. causes
  1. Poor posture
  2. Rotator Cuff Disease: Tendinitis and Bursitis
    1. tendons become inflamed
    2. Bursitis occurs when the bursa—a small fluid-filled sac that helps protect the shoulder joint—is inflamed.
  3. Frozen Shoulder
  4. Fracture
  5. Arthritis of the Shoulder
    1. Osteoarthritis—a disease caused by wear and tear of the cartilage.
    2. Rheumatoid arthritis—an autoimmune disease causing one or more joints to become inflamed.
2. Differential diagnosis
  1. Instability
    1. Subluxation: partial dislocation of a joint, so that the bone ends are misaligned but still in contact.
    2. Dislocation: complete loss of contact of the joint surfaces
  2. Arthritis
    1. Osteoarthritis -Rheumatoid arthrirtis -Osteonecrosis
  3. Soft tissue disorder
    1. Rotator cuff : Tendonitis bursitis tendon or muscle tears.
    2. Impingement syndrome: painful arc, where movement becomes painful on moving the arm between 70 and 120 degrees of abduction.

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AYMAN THE SWIMMER

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