Patterns of Inheritance

Descripción

A level (A2: PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE) Biology Mapa Mental sobre Patterns of Inheritance, creado por 007791-Emily Boulton el 22/02/2017.
007791-Emily Boulton
Mapa Mental por 007791-Emily Boulton, actualizado hace más de 1 año
007791-Emily Boulton
Creado por 007791-Emily Boulton hace más de 7 años
23
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Resumen del Recurso

Patterns of Inheritance
  1. Mutations
    1. Mutagenic Agents
      1. PHYSICAL
        1. gamma rays
          1. x-rays
            1. UV light
            2. BIOLOGICAL
              1. viruses
                1. transposons
                  1. food contaminants
                    1. alcohol
                    2. CHEMICAL
                      1. reactive oxygen species
                        1. nitrous acid
                          1. mustard gas
                            1. benzopyrene
                              1. aromatic amines
                            2. Chromosome Mutations
                              1. deletion
                                1. polyploidy
                                  1. inversion
                                    1. translocation
                                      1. non-disjunction
                                        1. duplication
                                          1. aneuploidy
                                        2. Sexual Reproduction
                                          1. allele shuffling
                                            1. metaphase/anaphase 2
                                              1. independent assortment
                                              2. metaphase/anaphase 1
                                                1. meiosis produces genetically different gametes
                                                  1. random fusion = more diversity
                                                  2. Environmental Factors
                                                    1. regional accent
                                                      1. scars
                                                        1. hair length
                                                          1. leaf colour
                                                          2. Foundation of Genetics
                                                            1. 1866 MENDEL
                                                              1. pea plants
                                                                1. unchanged generations were tested
                                                                  1. quantitative records
                                                                  2. Crosses
                                                                    1. monohybrid crosses
                                                                      1. mendel crossed true breeding plants present in a homozygous
                                                                        1. F1 generation was left to self fertilise
                                                                          1. F2 generation had short and tall plants
                                                                          2. punnett squares
                                                                            1. phenotypes can also be predicted
                                                                              1. genotypes for the next generation can be predicted
                                                                                1. represents all possible fertilisation events
                                                                                2. test cross
                                                                                  1. shows from unknown genotype
                                                                                    1. recessive phenotype = heterozygous
                                                                                      1. a simple way to test genotypes
                                                                                    2. Simultaneous Inheritance
                                                                                      1. shows the dominant phenotype if unknown
                                                                                        1. dihybrid crosses
                                                                                          1. alleles of two genes are independently inherited
                                                                                            1. one allele pair can combine with any other allele pair.
                                                                                            2. Predicting Ratios in the F2 Generation
                                                                                              1. colour = 3/4 vs 1/4
                                                                                                1. shape = 3/4 vs 1/4
                                                                                                  1. use a pungent square
                                                                                                    1. Mendel made the predictions blind, unknowing about genetics
                                                                                                    2. Multiple Alleles
                                                                                                      1. human blood groups
                                                                                                        1. coat colour in rabbits
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