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Operating Systems
- Multitasking
- Run more than one process at a time
- CPU turns attention to
another process instead of
standing idle
- Schedules processes
- Schedules processes
- Switches between programs very quickly
- Not noticeable to user
- Not noticeable to user
- If a program is terminated it's
because it's allocated time has run
out or it is an external or
interrupted event
- CPU turns attention to
another process instead of
standing idle
- Multitasking
- Run more than one process at a time
- The User
Interface
- Provides means of communication
between the user and the operating
system
- The Command Line
- The place where commands
can be given to the
Operating system
- Issue single, powerful
commands in order to
manage the system
- Can be collected
into batch files or
shell scripts
- So single
commands can use
multiple actions
- So single
commands can use
multiple actions
- The place where commands
can be given to the
Operating system
- User Interface
- The Command Line
- Graphical User Interface
- Most Personal Computers and devices will use a GUI
- Small Icons
- Reduce need to learn commands.
- Particularly suited to touchscreen
- Limits amount of customisation of actions
- Reduce need to learn commands.
- Voice Input
- Typically require: yes/no or numerical responses
- Increasingly capable of dealing with more complex ones
- Increasingly capable of dealing with more complex ones
- Typically require: yes/no or numerical responses
- Small Icons
- Most Personal Computers and devices will use a GUI
- Provides means of communication
between the user and the operating
system
- Memory Management
- Manage available memory
- Primary memory
holds programs and
data currently in use
- Makes sure they are
stored safely and
efficiently
- Makes sure they are
stored safely and
efficiently
- Primary memory
holds programs and
data currently in use
- Memory Management
- Manage available memory
- Drivers
- Required for each peripheral
- Application needs to pass on a
request to the driver which will
translate it into codes for that
specific device
- Not only specific to device but to
the operating system aswell
- Drivers
- Drivers
- Not only specific to device but to
the operating system aswell
- Application needs to pass on a
request to the driver which will
translate it into codes for that
specific device
- "Bootstrapping"
- Starting small
and loading
programs one
at a time while
each program
is connected to
the next
program to be
executed in the
sequence
- Starting small
and loading
programs one
at a time while
each program
is connected to
the next
program to be
executed in the
sequence
- Software sends
out system call
- Required for each peripheral
- Peripheral Management
- Peripheral devices are essential
for a computer system to
input, output, and store data.
- Devices need to communicate
with the computer sysytem
- (See Drivers)
- (See Drivers)
- Devices need to communicate
with the computer sysytem
- Peripheral Management
- Peripheral devices are essential
for a computer system to
input, output, and store data.
- File Management
- File management is
finding where files are
stored
- E.g. hard disk
drive/solid state
drive
- Needs to know specific
track, sector, and
surface
- User doesn't
- ...but the
Operating
System
does
- File management
- File management
- ...but the
Operating
System
does
- User doesn't
- E.g. hard disk
drive/solid state
drive
- File management is
finding where files are
stored
- Kernel
- Deals with low level hardware operations
- Any application must interface with
the Kernel to operate hardware
- Helps minimise the risk of the application causing
problems with the hardware and basic memory
operations
- Stops applications from issuing commands directly
- Helps minimise the risk of the application causing
problems with the hardware and basic memory
operations
- Any application must interface with
the Kernel to operate hardware
- Kernel can provide a range of user interfaces
- Kernel
- Deals with low level hardware operations
- Firmware
- Operating Systems used on
home computers/large
systems are typically loaded
from a disk.
- In smaller devices, there
is no requirement for a
disk and Operating
System is permanently
stored in ROM or flash
memory chips
- This is Firmwire
- Consists of small programs
- Consists of small programs
- This is Firmwire
- In smaller devices, there
is no requirement for a
disk and Operating
System is permanently
stored in ROM or flash
memory chips
- Firmware
- Operating Systems used on
home computers/large
systems are typically loaded
from a disk.
- Multi-User
- Many users may use the
same system
simultaniously
- Operating System
responsible for
allocating memory,
storage, and CPU time
to multiple users
- Operating System
responsible for
allocating memory,
storage, and CPU time
to multiple users
- Multi-user
- Many users may use the
same system
simultaniously
- Real Time
- Safety-Critical Systems require very
short and guaranteed response
times
- Generally fixed at a small fraction of a second
- Instant response
- Instant response
- Generally fixed at a small fraction of a second
- Real Time
- Safety-Critical Systems require very
short and guaranteed response
times
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
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