Environmental NGO Influence in International Climate Negotiations

Environmental NGO Influence in International Climate Negotiations

1. Conceptual Approaches to determine NGO impact

   • Transnational Advocacy Networks
   • Mico & Macro-demands of NGO's
     • Friends with the government
     • Foes with the government
   • Interdependence between the National and International Levels
     • Treaties
     • International Norms encouraged via transnational advocacy networks
     • Markets
     • Direct routes of influence
   • Time Lag of influence
     • Recurring negotiation cycles
   • Activist Strategies (Protests& demonstrations)
     • Information Politics
     • Symbolic politics
     • Leverage politics
     • Accountability politics
   • Lobbyist Strategies
     • Key Prerequisites
       • Access to the government representatives
         • Domestic level
         • International level
       • Resources (information & knowledge)
       • Engaging in activities
         • Working with negotiators
         • Providing advice
         • Communicating demands
       • Government representatives receive their communications

2. Hypothesis

   • Influence is higher when NGOs provide input early in the negotiations before governments decide on their negotiation positions. Medium-term influence can still occur in subsequent negotiation rounds.
   • Large-scale public pressure via demonstrations and high medi coverage influencesnegotiationstoward a negotiation outcome
   • Lobbyists need to form close networks to government representatives and are more likely to be influential as friends offering capacity-building support.