Language Over Time

Language Over Time

EARLY MODERN ENGLISH 1500-1700
1. 1525 Tyndale Bible
  1. First published
  2. Credited as the first English bible
  3. Wycliffe bible 1382
2. 1582 Mulcaster's Elementarie
3. 1604 Cawdry's Table Alphatbetical
  1. Dictionary of 'hard words'
  2. Low frequency latinate/inkhorn lexemes
4. 1611 King James Bible
  1. First offically authorised
  2. Deliberately archaic
5. 1558- 1603 Reign of Elizabeth I
  1. Increase in global trade and discovery
    1. Loan words
  2. Shakespeare 1564- 1616
    1. 1594-1611 at his height
    2. 3,000 new words
      1. 'assassination'
    3. Phrases and idioms
      1. 'naked truth'
      2. 'green eyed monster
6. The Renassiance
  1. Influence of Greek and Latin
    1. Affixiation
      1. 'ism'- both greek and latin
      2. -ology- Greek
      3. -anti- Latin
7. The Reformation (break from catholic church) 1534
1476 Caxton's Printing Press
MODERN ENGLISH 1700-1900
1. 'An age of rules, grammar, dictionaries and definitions'
2. 1755 Publishing of Samuel Johnson's dictionary
  1. First 'modern' dictionary
3. 1762 Robert Lowth's Intro to English Grammar
  1. First Prescriptivist commentator
4. 1806 Noah Websters American English Dictionary
  1. 1776 American Declaration of Independence
5. 1760- 1800 Industrial Revolution
  1. New words and lanaguage to accomodate new ideas
    1. Inventions and Contraptions
    2. Science and Technology
    3. Expansion of cities and factories
6. British Empire under Queen Victoria
  1. Borrowings and loan words
    1. Inkhorn controversy
  2. India, Singapore, Canada, South Africa, New Guinea, etc
  3. Increase in word stock
7. Jane Austen 1775-1817
8. Prescriptivism vs Descriptivism
  1. Prescriptivism: An approach to the study of language that favours the use of a strict set of rules that must be obeyed in speech and writing identifying incorrect and correct useage
    1. Grammar books
  2. Descriptivism: An approach to the study of language describes language but does not judge if language is incorrect or correct and says that variation should be described rather than corrected
9. Charles Dickens 1812- 1870
LATE MODERN ENGLISH 1900- Present day
1. Developing and emerging technologies
  1. World Wide Web (Web 2.0 in 2004)
    1. Net speak
    2. Text talk
2. English as a global language
  1. Global English
    1. Mass global communication
  2. American English
    1. Americanisms
    2. American orthography: 'color' 'meter'
  3. Range of speakers and varieties of World English, e.g. 'Black English'
3. Oxford English Dictionary
4. Political correctness
Great Vowel Shift 1350-1700
1. Serves to explain some of the differences in pronunciation and spelling of some words, especially as standardisation was happening at the same time,
2. long vowels: i to ae e.g. teem to time
The Age of Enlightenment 1650- 1800
1. developments in scientific reason
  1. impact on religion and religious language

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