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The Heart
- pump blood around the body
continuously so much of the wall is
muscle tissue
- coronary artieries - supply oxygen
glucose for fuel ...if blocked cause
heart atttack
- 4 chambers----- right artium (top chamber) and left atrium
.... right ventricle (bottom chamber and left ventricle
- artia fill up... then atria contract and
force blood into ventricles... then
ventricles contract and force blood
out ... and there are valves that shut
to make sure blood flows in the right
direction
- circulatory system transports
substances around the body -
consists of heart...blood
vessels....blood
- Blood Vessels
- Arteries- take blood from heart to organs
- artery --- layer of muscle and layer of elastic
tissue create thick wall essential as there is alot
of high pressure blood flow (small lumen)
- if arteries begin to narrow and restrict blood flow then
small mesh tubes called stents can be inserted to
widen artery to keep open to restore blood flow to
heart
- if arteries begin to narrow and restrict blood flow then
small mesh tubes called stents can be inserted to
widen artery to keep open to restore blood flow to
heart
- artery --- layer of muscle and layer of elastic
tissue create thick wall essential as there is alot
of high pressure blood flow (small lumen)
- viens - take blood from organs to heart
- have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow (large lumen)
- have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow (large lumen)
- The Blood
- red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets
- red blood cells transport oxygen..... dont have
nucleus so they have more room for
haemoglobin that carries oxygen (
oxyhaemoglobin) is haemoglobin that is exposed
to oxygen in the lungs ... after gone to cells
around body splits back into oxygen and
haemoglobin. that oxygen is then used by cells for respiration
- lungs - haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin
- other organs - oxyhaemoglobin can be broken back to haemoglobin and oxygen
- lungs - haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin
- white blood cells - defend the body
against microorganisms and bacteria (
immune system)
- platelets are fragments of cells -- help the blood to
clot when there has been a cut...... platelets block
the wound and dont have a nuclus
- red blood cells transport oxygen..... dont have
nucleus so they have more room for
haemoglobin that carries oxygen (
oxyhaemoglobin) is haemoglobin that is exposed
to oxygen in the lungs ... after gone to cells
around body splits back into oxygen and
haemoglobin. that oxygen is then used by cells for respiration
- plasma-- straw coloured liquid ( red from lots of red blood cells suspended in the liquid)transports carbon dioxide from the
organs to the lungs and soluble products eg sugars and amino acids in the small intestine absorbed into plasma and
transported to organs
- urea - produced in the liver made from extra amino acids
broken down in liver to form urea and then urea is
transported in plasma to the kidney swhich then filter the
urea and taken out the body throught urine
- red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets
- Capillaries - are narrow and thin walled blood vessels
- allow substances needed by cellls to pass out of the blood
- allows substances produced by cells to pass into blood
- allows substances produced by cells to pass into blood
- one cell thick -- diffuse soluble foods like glucose and pick up of gas for
respiration..from the blood to the cells..one blood cell at a time.....smallest blood vessel
- allow substances needed by cellls to pass out of the blood
- higher pressure in arteries than viens
- Arteries- take blood from heart to organs
- blood pumped into
lungs so carbon
dioxide can be
exchanged for
oxygen
- oxygenated blood -
provides glucose
and oxygen to cells
- deoxygenated blood
takes away waste
products including
carbon dioxide, urea
- oxygenated blood -
provides glucose
and oxygen to cells
- blood passes through the heart twice....
1) to carry blood from the heart to the
lungs and back to the heart ..... 2) carry
blood from the heart to other organs
and back to the heart
- Right side pumps blood which
is low in oxygen to the lungs to
get oxygen whilst the left side
pumps blood which is rich in
oxygen to other parts of the
body
- leaking valves can be replaced by a donor or mechanical
valve.......articfical pacemakers can be fitted if there is an irregular heart
beat affecting circulation of blood. Risk of infection, size of component
nad power supply are proiblems with mechanical / electrical heart
components
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