Opposition Groups-Political

Populists
1. not happy with Tsarist rule
2. didn't like Alex IIs reforms
3. objective to assassinate him
4. used violence as a means to spark revolution
5. land and liberty movement
  1. pressure group of intellectuals
  2. believed important to live among peasants
  3. help their plight
  4. terrorist group- people's will
6. populist opp. successful
  1. assassination of Alexander II
  2. however did not completely over throw tsarism
Socialist revolutionaries
1. focussed on improving living standards for poor
2. needs of proletariat
3. used violence
  1. 2000 political killings
4. the party with most support
  1. biggest threat to Tsarist rule until 1917 rev.
5. more effective op. than populists
6. received most votes in constituent assembly election
  1. 370 seats
Social Democrats
1. educate workers
2. implement marxism
3. split to Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
4. Lenin
5. bolsheviks seized power 1917
6. had to use force to gain power as did not gain most votes at constituent assembly election
7. bolshevik leaders returned from exile
  1. as prov gov allowed expansion of political groups
8. kerensky stremgthened bolshevik power
  1. by involving them in kornilov affair
Liberals
1. emerged with development of zemstva
2. want russia to be more westernised in way governed
3. fair land distribution
4. constituent assembly
5. improved workers conditions
6. had little effect on Nich. II advisors
Kadets/Octobrists
1. moderate liberals
2. opposed first Duma
3. leaders became key members of prov gov
  1. Milyukov
  2. Guchkov
4. supported Oct Manifesto
5. wanted change in Tsarist system
6. fundamental laws reduced their power!!!
Inside opposition- Lenin
1. call for coalition after Bolsheviks seized power
  1. Kamenev
2. signing of treaty of brest-litovsk
  1. opposed by trotsky
3. Triumvirate
  1. clique
  2. take over politburo
  3. members
    1. Kamenev
    2. Zinoviev
    3. Stalin
4. everything crushed by Lenin
  1. changed policy of war communism as some party members disagreed with it
    1. divided party even more
      1. left saw it as a betrayal
      2. right favoured capitalist concession
5. stalin criticised for running of rabkrin and role in georgian affair 1921
United Opposition group
1. Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev
2. response to Stalin's growing power in Bolshevik party
3. opp. to NEP
4. demands more free speech
5. were excluded from the Politburo
6. 1927 Trotsky expelled from party
7. Trotsky exiled to Kazakhstan 1929 and expelled from USSR
Opp. towards Stalin
1. RW bolsheviks
2. opposed collectivisation
  1. too alike war communism
3. Bukharin - vocal
  1. ousted as president of comintern and politburo
4. some members taken a dilatory approach to implementing collectivisation
  1. party membership reduced to a 10th
5. many politburo members exiled or killed for being oppositionists

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Opposition Groups-Political

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