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Kennedy foreign policy
Descripción
A level History Mapa Mental sobre Kennedy foreign policy, creado por lauren smith el 10/04/2017.
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history
a level
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lauren smith
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lauren smith
hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Kennedy foreign policy
cold war strategy
peace Corps
young people volunteered to work in the poor areas of the wold teaching English, improving facilities and providing basic medical care
Food for peace
surplus agricultural products were given to third world countries
Alliance for progress
programme for Latin America which gave money for food, medicine and education
Counter insurgency
Green Berets were formed
role was to fight against guerrillas and in small-scale attacks
CIA
continued to act against countries that opposed US interests
Space Programme
NASA budget was increasd
Berlin
Khrushchev met with Kennedy in Vienna in June 1961 - attempted to force the issue by issuing an ultimatum that he had given to Eisenhower
Kennedy stood firm and insisted there would be no change to the status of Berlin
the East Germans threatened to cut off the city
Kennedy sent 40,000 troops to Europe
$3.25 billion increase in military spending
13th August 1961
the East Germans sealed off West Berlin from the East with wire fences
was replaced by a 30-mile wall with just 4 crossing points
the wall allowed the East to rebuild its economy
Kennedy visited Berlin in 1963 but there was little that the US could do
Cuba
background
90 miles of the coast of Florida
US pressure by cutting of economic assistance
turned to the USSR for economic aid
Bay of Pigs invasion April 1961
Kennedy was persuaded by Cuban exiles that Castro was unpopular
approved a plan that would involve an army of Cuban exiles backed by the CIA
was a failure and was easily defeated by Castro's forces
had to allow the Soviets to supply the Cubans with defensive military equipment to 'protect' them from any future aggression from the USA
reasons for nuclear missiles on Cuba
gave the Soviets first strike capability
Soviets were behind in the arms race
the USA had Jupiter missiles stationed in Turkey
events
August 1962 - US spy plays observed weapons in Cuba
September 1962 - Khrushchev secretly sent nuclear weapons to Cuba
14th October U2 spy planes took a series of photos of Cuba
22nd October 1962
Kennedy chose to blockade Soviet ships
Khrushchev responded by insisting that they were helping Cuba defend itself
24th October 1962 - Soviet ships heading for the blockade zone stopped and turned back
Khrushchev sent a letter to JFK stating that he would remove the missiles if the US promise not to invade Cuba
2nd message - remove missiles from Turkey
after US U2 spy plane was shot down Kennedy accepted the first message terms
28th October - Soviets removed missiles from Cuba
Consequences
June 1963 - a direct hotline was set up between Washington and Moscow to improve communications
August 1963 - the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed by the USA, USSR & the UK - nuclear tests would be carried underground
South - East Asia
the issue of Laos
the North Vietnamese had never fully withdrawn from the country
Negotiations began in Geneva is 1961
temporary agreement in 1962 was that Laos would be a neutral country
North Vietnamese forces were also forced to withdraw but this did not happen
Vietnam
the level of aid increased and US troops were used to train the ARVN
did not improve the situation
the Taylor - Rostow Report November 1961 - called for better training of the ARVN, strategic bombing & increased use of US troops
February 1962 - MAAG was renamed Military Assistance Command (MACV)
1962 - US encouraged Diem to adopt a policy of 'fortified hamlets' where peasants would be isolated from the VC
number of advisors increased to over 9000 by the end of 1962
importance of the Battle of Ap Bac
shattered JFK's beliefs that the US were gaining the upper hand against the VC
the assassination of Diem 1963
1962 - expelled a number of US journalists after they had reported on his defeats
May 1963 - banned the use of the Buddhist religious flag
protest from monks & demonstators
began plotting a coup but the US didn't warn Diem despite knowing about the plan
murdered in November 1963
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