The Atmosphere - GCSE Chemistry C1

Today's Atmosphere
1. Composition
  1. 78% Nitrogen
  2. 21% Oxygen
  3. 0.04% Carbon Dioxide
  4. 0.96% Other gases
  5. Components of air can be separated by:
    1. Fractional distillation of liquid air
History of the atmosphere
1. Original atmosphere formed by volcanic activity
  1. 4.5 billion years ago
  2. Original atmosphere contained
    1. Carbon Dioxoide
    2. Water vapour
    3. Little to no oxygen
    4. Small amounts of other gases such as NH3, CH4
  3. Earth cooled, water vapour condensed to form oceans
    1. Decrease in CO2 levels
      1. CO2 dissolved into oceans
      2. CO2 incorporated into marine organisms
        Through food
        Carbonate rocks
      3. Primitive plants photosynthesising
        6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) --> C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)
        Increase in O2 levels
The Atmosphere is still changing due to:
1. (Livestock) Farming
  1. Methane
2. Volcanic Eruptions
  1. Sulphur dioxide
  2. Carbon Dioxide
3. Combustion
  1. Carbon Dioxide
4. Deforestation
  1. Decrease in photosynthesis
    1. More CO2
    2. Less O2
Global Warming
1. CO2 is a greenhouse gas
  1. Absorbs heat, maintains temperature
  2. As CO2 levels have increased over the past 200 years, there has been an increase in average global temperature
    1. Correlation, but not a causal link
2. Reducing CO2 in the atmosphere
  1. Iron seeding of oceans to fertilise phytoplankton
  2. Developing means of converting CO2 into hydrocarbons to re-use as fuels
  3. Alternative forms of energy productions such as wind farms

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The Atmosphere - GCSE Chemistry C1

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