Families and Households.

Topic 1: Couples
1. Elizabeth Bott (1957) - Joint and Segregated Conjugal Roles.
  1. Segregated = Couples have separate roles.
    1. Men = Breadwinner. Women = Homemaker.
  2. Joint = Couples share tasks.
2. Young and Willmott (1973) - March of Progress.
  1. Changes in Women's Position.
  2. Geographical Mobility.
  3. New Technology.
  4. Higher Standards of Living.
  5. FEMINISTS REJECT.
    1. Very little has changed.
    2. Ann Oakley (1974)
      1. Y&W exaggerated.
        Not convincing evidence.
    3. Mary Boulton (1983)
      1. Fewer than 20% of hubbys had major role in childcare.
3. Jonathan Gershuny (1994)
  1. Wives who worked full time did less domestic work.
  2. NWW = 83% HW
  3. PTW = 82% HW
  4. FTW = 73% HW
4. Domestic Violence.
  1. Mirrlees-Black.
    1. Most victims are women.
    2. 1/4 women have been assaulted by a partner.
      1. 1/8 repeatedly.
5. Decision Making and Paid Work.
  1. Pooling = Both partners have access to money.
    1. e.g. joint bank account.
  2. Allowance System = Wives are given a budget for family's needs.
Topic 2: Childhood
1. Seen as a distinct life stage.
  1. Nurturing and Socialisation.
2. Different in different countries.
3. During the Middle Ages, childhood didn't exist.
4. Laws restrict child labour.
5. The Conflict View.
  1. Inequalities among children.
  2. Inequalities between C + A
  3. Neglect and abuse.
  4. Control over C's space.
  5. Control over C's time.
  6. Control over C's body.
  7. Control over C's access to resources.
  8. Age patriarchy.
Topic 3: Func of the family
1. George Peter Murdock (1949) - 4 funcs to meet needs of society.
  1. Stable satisfaction of the sex drive.
  2. Reproduction of the next gen.
  3. Socialisation of the young.
  4. Meeting members economic needs.
  5. CRITICISMS.
    1. Feminists = family serves needs of men.
    2. Marxists = meets the needs of the capitalists.
2. Marxists Perspective on the Family.
  1. Inheritance of property.
  2. Ideological functions.
  3. Unit of consumption.
  4. CRITICISMS.
    1. Assume nuclear = dominant in cap society.
    2. Emphasizes on social class.
    3. Ignore very real benefits.
3. Feminist Perspective on the Family.
  1. Liberal feminism.
  2. Marxist feminism.
    1. Women reproduce labour force.
      1. Absorb anger.
  3. Radical feminism.
    1. Men = enemy.
      1. Family and marriage = key institutions.
  4. Difference feminism.
4. CRITICISMS.
  1. All assume nuclear family is dominant family type.
  2. All structural theories.
Topic 4: Demography
1. Decline in Birth Rate.
  1. Changes in position of women.
  2. Decline in IMR.
    Nota:
    - IMR = Infant Mortality Rate.
  3. Children = economic liability.
  4. Child centredness.
2. Decline in Death Rate.
  1. Improved nutrition.
  2. Medical improvements.
  3. PHM improvements.
    Nota:
    - PHM = Public Health Measures.
Topic 5: Changing family patterns
1. Number of nuclear families has fallen.
2. Divorce rates have increased.
  1. Changes in the law.
  2. Declining stigma and changing attitudes.
  3. Secularisation.
  4. Rising expectation of marriage.
  5. Changes in the position of women.
3. More re-marriages.
4. More couples co-habiting.
  1. Fear of divorce.
  2. Financial reasons.
5. Same-sex relationships legally recognised.
6. Women having fewer children.
  1. Having them later on.
7. More births outside marriage.
8. More lone-parent families.
9. More people live alone.
10. More stepfamilies.
  1. More couples without children.
Topic 6: Fam diversity and life course
Topic 7: Fams and social policy

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Families and Households.

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