Ischemia/lack of O2 to cardiac cells. Ischemia secondary to athsclerosis. When artery is blocked more than 75%. Cardiac cells is only good for 20min damage occurs. Mycardium will become hypoxic in first 10sec. The heart looses ability to contract and uses anaerobic metabolism. Lactic buildsup which causes pain/agina. Referred pain can occur left arm, shoulder/jaw
Chronic Stable
Nota:
Longterm, intermittent [5-15min], characterized by squeezing, heavy, choking pressure sensation, complaint of indigestion or burning. EKG ST segment depression. Inverted T wave. Indicated of ischemia/lack of Oxygen
ACE inhibitor/Iogenic Blocker/Calcium channel blocker/Nitrates- pill form disolve under tongue or as paste. Nitrates Every 15min. Throw in the Sharps. Severe Headache gets on skin.
Prinzmetal's Angina
Nota:
Variable can happen at rest.
Raynauds phenomenon
Nota:
Spasm of the smooth muscle & increase intracellular calcium. More prone to prinzmetal's if migraine prone.
ACE inhibitors, nitrates & calcium channel blockers. dilatizem
Spams
Unstable
Agina
Nota:
More woman than men. Sudden, Unpredictable, consider an emergency, fatigue, fever, anxiety, fear, indigestion.
EMERGENCY
EKG
T wave
inverted
NSTEMI
ST depression
Mycardial Deprived
of O2 becoems
hypoxic in 10sec
STEMI
ST elevation
Pain Left arm,
shoulder or Jaw
Interventions
Drugs
Adrenergic Blockers
ACE inhibitors
Calcium Channel Blockers
Dilitiazeme
Nitrates
Headache
Dark bottle
Antiplatelet
therapy
Nota:
Heparin, Coumadin, ASA, Pradexa
Beta blocker
Pain- Morphine
Nota:
After Nitro!
Flutter- Digoxin
Nota:
Digoxin
Break up Clott!!!
Altikase, streptikinase
TPA 4hr window onset
pain
Bradycardia-
Epinephrine,
Atropine
Low BP:
Dopamine,
Butamine
Rapid- Verapamil & Adenocard
Nota:
Verapamil or adenocard
PVC- Lidocaine
Nota:
Lidocaine
1800 ADA, Low
sodium, Low fat
& Cholestrol diet
Stents
Femoral artery?
5-6hrs
Lay in bed head
no higher than
30degrees
Lift legs to
avoid rupture
Wrist
Chance for
bleed out is
less
Thrombectomy
Teach
Excercise
Quite
smoking/excessive
drinking
Protocol for MI
#1 Oxygen [Elevate
the Bed]/ [2-4L]
#2 Start
IV /VS
Reassure the Patient
EKG/Cardiac Monitor
Nitroglycerin [Still
pain? another nitro
after 5min]