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8722626
I Always Feel Tired
Descripción
Mapa Mental sobre I Always Feel Tired, creado por Noree Alii el 29/04/2017.
Mapa Mental por
Noree Alii
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Noree Alii
hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso
I Always Feel Tired
Red Blood Cells
Features
Anucleated & biconcave discs
Filled with hemoglobin
Mean diameter 7.8 µm &Volume is 90-95 cubic µm.
Membrane
Concentration
In Healthy men → 5,200,000 cells/cu µm &in healthy women → 4,700,000 cells/cu µm.
Function
Transport hemoglobin which carries respiratory gases.
Formation
Hemoglobin
Structure
4 globin chains
α, β, γ and δ
4 heme groups
Prphyrin ring with central iron
Function
Transport of O2 from lungs to tissues &CO2 and H+ from tissues to the lungs for excretion
Antioxidant and a regulator of iron metabolism.
Act as buffer
Synthesis
Heme
Globin
Ranges
Adult male = 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter
Adult female = 12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter
Anemia
Definition
Reduction in the Red cell mass resulting in decreased oxygen transporting capacity of the blood
Classification
Microcytic - MCV<80 fl
Iron deficiency
Causes
Increased loss or dietary deficiency
Signs & Symptoms
Angular stomatitis, Epithelial atrophy, Koilonichi, & Pica
Investigation
Laboratory findings
Decrease: serum ferritin, serum iron, and %saturation
Increase: TIBC
Other Diagnostic techniques
Gel electrophoresis - PCR - RFLP
Risk Factors
Women because they lose blood during menstruation - Infants and children - Vegetarians - Frequent blood donors
Complications
Heart problems (increase heart rate = heart failure) - Problems during pregnancy - Growth problems
Treatment
Oral or parenteral iron preparations, red cell transfusions, or recombinant EPO therapy
Anaemia of chronic disease (some cases)
Causes
Rheumatoid arthritis-Tuberculosis- Chronic alcoholism- Malignancy
Iron is trapped in BM macrophages
Laboratory findings
Decrease: MCV, serum iron,TIBC, & % saturation
Increased: serum ferritin
Sideroblastic anaemia
Causes
Chronic alcoholism - VB6 deficiency - Lead poisoning - INH therapy - Hereditary types (x- linked)
Iron overload type of anemia (RING SIDEROBLASTS )
Thalassaemia
Normocytic - MCV 80-100 fl
Many haemolytic anaemias
Anaemia of chronic disease (some cases)
After acute blood loss
Renal disease
BM failure, post chemotherapy, infiltration by CA
Macrocytic - MCV>100 fl
Megaloblastic
V B12 deficiency
Causes
Decreased intake (vegan) Impaired absorption
Associated with neurological problems
Folate deficiency
Causes
Dietary deficiency (alcohol-elderly) - Increased demand ( pregnancy- cancer patients) - Limited body stores
Non-megaloblastic
Alcoholism Drugs (Ex- 5 FU) Liver disease
Signs & Symptoms
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