875094
Attachment
- Strong emotional bond
between infant and
caregivers.
- John Bowlby
- theory based on
lorenz's observations
- attachment has roots in a set of
instinctual infant responses important for
protection and survival of the species.
- infant and caregiver are biologically
prepared to respond to each other's
behaviours.
- theory based on
lorenz's observations
- Harlow and Zimmerman
- 'contact comfort' more important
than hunger satisfaction.
- rhesus monkeys clung to terry
cloth covered "mothers", even
though wire mesh mothers had a
milk bottle.
- 'contact comfort' more important
than hunger satisfaction.
- Development of attachment.
- first three years of live are
a very sensitive period.
- four stages:
- 1) pre-attachment (0-2 months);
indiscriminate social
responsiveness.
- 2) attachment in the making (2-7
months); recognition of familiar people.
- 3) clear-cut attachment (7-24
months); separation protest,
wariness of strangers, intentional
communication.
- 4) goal-corrected partnership (24
months on); relationships more
two-sided, children understand
parents' needs.
- 1) pre-attachment (0-2 months);
indiscriminate social
responsiveness.
- Mary Ainsworth - The Strange Situation.
- four keys of observation:
- exploration
- reaction to departure
- stranger anxiety
- reunion
- exploration
- three main styles of attachment.
- SECURE ATTACHMENT
- 65-70% of one-year-olds
- freely explore new
environments.
- touches base with caregiver
periodically for security
- may or may not cry
when separated
- when caregiver returns,
crying ceases quickly.
- 65-70% of one-year-olds
- INSECURE-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT
- 15% of one-year-olds
- do not cry when separated
- reacts to stranger similar to
how they react to caregiver
- when reunited, avoids or is
slow to greet caregiver
- 15% of one-year-olds
- INSECURE-RESISTANT ATTACHMENT
- 10-15% of infants
- seek contact with caregiver
before separation
- when reunited, first seek
caregiver, but then resist or
reject comfort.
- 10-15% of infants
- SECURE ATTACHMENT
- forth type of attachment:
INSECURE-DISORGANISED
ATTACHMENT
- 5-10% of infants
- elements of both
avoidant and
resistant
(confused)
- during reunion, they are
disorientated and
disorganised. look dazed.
- freeze in the middle
of their movements.
- engage in repetitive
behaviours
- apprehensive and
fearful of caregiver
- unable to cope in a consistent
and organised way.
- 5-10% of infants
- four keys of observation:
- first three years of live are
a very sensitive period.
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