children performed competitively faster than they performed alone
types of social facilitation
co-action effects
audience effects
social inhibition
if the task/behaviour is easy or well-learned-----arousal helps performance
if the task/behaviour is hard or not well-learned-----arousal hinders performance
theories of social facilitation
mere presence theory
arousal facilitated the performance of the dominant response
arousal impaired the performance of the non-dominant response
distraction-conflict theory
the presence of others influences our performance because people are cognitively distracting
the presence of others produces a conflict between paying attention to the task and paying attention to the audiences
this conflict leads to increased arousal, which either facilitates or inhibits our performances.
evaluation-apprehension theory
proposed that we are aware of social approval and disapproval from being evaluated by others
we are apprehensive about beingevaluated by otehrs
definition 1 improved performance in
the mere presence of others on easy
or well-learned tasks 2 decreased
performance in the mere presence of
others on difficult or poorly-learned
tasks(social inhibition)
Social Loafing
Definition The reduction in individual
motivation and effort that occurs
when individuals work collectively
compared to when they work alone
or co-actively