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RELIGION
Descripción
Sociology Mapa Mental sobre RELIGION, creado por Laura Roche el 15/05/2013.
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sociology
sociology
Mapa Mental por
Laura Roche
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Laura Roche
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Resumen del Recurso
RELIGION
Religion in a global context
Religion and economic development
Webb et al- globalisation= rationality= less religion
Religion and economic growth are compatable
Nanda- UltraNationalism in India and Hinduism
Redding- The spirit of Chinese Capitalism
Berger- Pentecostalism in Latin America
Lehmann- global and local impact of Pentecostalism
Religious Fundamentalism
Giddens- Cosmopolitanism
Castells- 2 types of Fundamentalists- reject and project identity
Bruce- Monotheism and Fundamentalism
Evaluation
(A02)- Haynes; shouldn't narrowly focus on Islamic Fundamentalism
(A02)- Beckford
1. distinguish too sharply between Cosmapolitanism and Fundamentalists.
2. 'fixated Fundamnetalism'
3. Lumps all types of Fudamentalism together
Cultural Defence
Bruce- examples of Poland and Iran
Religion and the clash of civilisations
Huntongton- sees global conflicts as intensified by the collapse of communism
(A02)- Jackson; Huntington's work is based on Orientalism- stereotypes
(A02)- Horrie and Chipingdale- generalises too much
(A02)- Inglehart and Norris- sexuality is the main cause of cultural divide
Theories of religion
Definitions
Substantive (Weber), Functional (Durkheim) and Social Constructionist (Aldridge)
Functionalists
(A01) Durkheim- collective conscience, sacred and profane and totemism
(A02) Worsley Durkheim is overly positive
Other functions- (A01)
Parsons- values and meaning
Mauss- conceptualisation and categorisation
Malinowski- psychological funtions
Bellah- civil religions
Marxists
Karl Marx (A01)- Mechanism of social control
Bruce- (A02- positive) New Christian Right
(A02) Criticisms
Althusser- alienation/ view is unscientific and romantic
Hamilton- only gives uses of religion- no specific defintion
Feminists
(A01) Means of oppression
Religious organisations-Armstrong
Sacred Texts
Religious Laws and Customs- Woodhead
Places of Worship- Holm
(A01) Other Feminist resarch
Woodhead- Muslim veil as a symbol of liberaion in the public and private sphere
Watson- interviews with 3 Muslim women
El Saadawi- male interpretation and female genital mutilation
(A02) evaluation
Marxists- conservative, oppressive force upon WC- class not gender focused
Functionalists- consensus theory
Different Feminist views- Radical Feminists; Daly
Post Modernism- change is possible eg: ordination of women
Religion and Social change
Religion a a conservative force
Functionalists, Marxists and Feminists
Weber- religion as a souce for change
(A01)- Asceticism, this worldly orientation, capitalism
(A02)
Kautsky- overestimates the role of ideas & underestimates economic factors
Tawney-Technological factors
Marshall- Switzerland & lack of investment
Religion and social protest
Bruce- The Civil Rights Movement
(A02)- New Christian Right
Marxism, religion and change
Maduro- Liberation Theology
Engels & Bloch- Religion's dual character
Gramsci- Hegemony
Secularisation
Secularisation in Britain
Church attendance figures- Davie; believing without belonging
Explanations of secularisation
Functionalism
Durkheim- growth of individualism undermines CC
Marxism
Introduction of socialism=SEC.
Weber- rationalisation and disenchantment
Parsons- Structural Differentiation
Bruce- technologcal Worldview
Bruce- social and cultural diversity
(A02)- Aldridge; Pentecostalists
Berger- religious diversity
(A02)- Beckford- diversity doesnt inevitably lead to SEC.
Secularisation in America
Wilson- 45% churchgoers in 1965
Bruce- 3 examples
Evaluation of Secularisation
Church attendance figures
Lyon- Re-enchantment of the world
Bruce- cultural defence and transition
Heelas and Woodhead- Kendal project & spiritual revolution
Fundamentalism- Kepel and Islam
Religion, renewal and choice
Post Modernity and Religion
Davie- beliveing without belonging
(A02)- Bibby; Canadian survey
(A02)- Voas and Crockett- reject
(A02)- Bruce; support
Hervieu- Leger- Cultural Amnesia and Spiritual Shopping
Lyon
1. The relocation of religion
2. Religious Consumerism- 'pick and mix' & hyperreality
3. Re-Enchantment of the world
(A02)- Lyon;s research isnt extensive
(A02)- Bruce supports
Existential security Theory
Norris and Inglehart
(A02) Gill and Lundegaarde- support
(A02)- Vasquez- criticises quantitative data
Religious market theory
Stark and Bainbridge- SEC= constant cycle of revival and renewal
(A02)- Beckford; unsociable as it assumes people are religious
Ideology and Science
Science as a belief system
(A01)- Comte; chronological stages of belief
1. The theological stage 2. the metaphysical stage 3. The Positive stage
Popper- Falsification
Merton- CUDOS norms
Horton- closed belief systems
support- Pritchard; Azande tribe
Kuhn- closed belief systems- science is socially constructed
Woolgar-science is subjective
Ideology
(Marxism) Mannheim- Ideological throught and Utopian thought
Gramsci- Working class ideology will overthrow Capitalism and end hegemony
(A02)- Marxism assumes people are passive
Ideology and Feminism
Marks- female exclusion from education
(A02)- Feminism itself is an ideology
Organisations, movements and members
Types of religious organisations
Wallis- 3 types of NRMs
(A02)- Stark and Bainbridge
Explaining the growth of religious movements
3 main reasons for the trend in NRMs
1. Marginality- Troeltsh/Weber/Wallis
2. Relative deprivation- Glock and Stark
3. Social Change- Wilson, Bellah, Bruce
ALSO- disenchantment of the world (Weber), status frustration, Wallis
Reasons NRMs are short lived- Barker/Aldridge
Post Modernity & New Age
Drane- answers away from meta-narratives
Heelas and Woodhead- Kendal Project
Bruce- argues New Age is late stage of modernity not PM
Heelas- sees the New Age and Modern society linked in 4 ways
The growth and Characteristics of the New Age
Heelas- 2 common themes; self-spirituality and detraditionalisation
Other Explanations
Aldridge- sects can become denominations
Wilson- denomination or death of a sect is not only option
Stark and Bainbridge- The Sectarian cycle
Religiosity and social groups
Gender
Bruce- twice as many women in sects
Miller and Hoffman- socialisation and gender role
Stark and Bainbridge- compensation for deprivation
Brown- New Age responds to female's want for autonomy
Heelas and Woodhead- women of the New Age; 80% women in Holistic Milieu
Ethnicity
Bruce/ Bird- cultural defence
Herberg/Modood- cultural transition
Johal- social identity
Age
Lynch- expanded spiritual marketplace
Davie- the privatisation of religion
2 main explanations- Ageing and the generational effect
Gill- religion not longer taught
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