Major Approaches in Psychology

Biological Approach
1. Heredity (inborn characteristics)
2. The Nervous System (NS)
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
    1. Brain
      1. Forebrain
        Telencephalon
        Cerebral Cortex
        Frontal Lobe
        Reasoning and abstract thinking
        Parietal Lobe
        sensation in skin and muscles
        Occipital Lobe
        Visual
        Temporal Lobe
        Auditory
        Basal Ganglia
        Hippocampus
        Amygdala
        Diancephalon
        Thalamus
        Hypothalamus
      2. Midbrain
        Mesencephalon
        Tectum
        Cerebellum
      3. Hindbrain
        Myelencephalon
        Medulla
        Metencephalon
        Pons
        Cerebellum
      4. Hemispherical Specialisation
        Left Hemisphere
        Right Hand Control
        Writing
        Language
        Scientific Skills
        Mathematics
        Lists
        Logic
        Linear Thinking Mode
        Right Hemisphere
        Left Hand Control
        Emotional Expression
        Spatial Awareness
        Music
        Holistic Thinking Mode
        Gestalt (Whole Picture)
        Dimension
        Creativity
        Imagination
      5. Brian Organisation
        Interconnected
        Hierarchical
        Functional differentiation
      6. Ways of Studying the Brain
        Event-related potentials (ERP)
        Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
        Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI and fMRI)
    2. Spinal Cord
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
    1. Automatic NS
      1. Sympathetic NS
      2. Parasympathetic NS
    2. Somatic NS
Behaviourist Approach
1. Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)
  1. Unconditioned Stimulus (Food)
    1. Unconditioned Response (Salivate)
      1. Conditioned Response (Salivate)
  2. Neutral Stimulus (bell)
    1. Conditioned Stimulus (bell)
  3. Little Albert Experiment (Watson & Rayner)
    1. Extinction
    2. Stimulus Generalisation
    3. Discrimiantion
  4. Phobias
2. Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning (B.F.Skinner)
  1. Reinforcement
    1. Skinner Box
    2. Types of Reinforcement
      1. Primary Reinforcement
      2. Secondary Reinforcement
    3. Reinforcement Schedules
      1. Fixed-ratio schedule
      2. Fixed-interval schedule
      3. Variable-ratio schedule
      4. Variable-interval schedule
  2. Ways of Learning
    1. Positive & Negative Reinforcement
    2. Shaping
      1. Immediate reinforcement
      2. Superstitious behaviour
    3. Latent Learning
    4. Observational learning (not operant conditioning)
3. Behaviour Therapy
  1. Token Economy
  2. Aversion Therapy
  3. Programmed Learinig
Social Approach
1. Attachment Theory
  1. Psychoanalytic Approch
    1. Psychosexual Development (5 stages)
  2. Harlow's Monkey Study
  3. Secure and Insecure Attachment
    1. Ainsworth and bell
      1. Strange Situation
        Securely Attached
        Insecurely Attached
        resistant/ambivalent
        detached/avoidant
        disorganised/disoriented
      2. Caregiver (sensitivity) hypoyesis
2. Pro-Social Behaviour
3. Social Influence
Cognitive Approach
1. Memory
  1. Long term memory
  2. Short term memory (working memory)
    1. visual
    2. auditory
2. Perception
Personality Theories

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Major Approaches in Psychology

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	Creado por Reuben Caruana hace más de 10 años