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Lenin: Theme 4
Descripción
A level History Mapa Mental sobre Lenin: Theme 4, creado por Lily Woods el 06/06/2017.
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history
a level
Mapa Mental por
Lily Woods
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Lily Woods
hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Lenin: Theme 4
Industrial and employment benefits
Successes
Vast number of jobs created
Piecework rates expanded, increasing opportunities to earn more money
Rewards for model workers
More women employed giving them more opportunities
Failures
Division at work between industrial workers and peasants
Poor working conditions
Low productivity
Labour shortages
Long working hours
Wage gap
Housing benefits
Successes
Low rents
Failures
Slow to make an impact
Not enough housing to meet the needs of all
Distribution of housing based on rank within the communist party
Social benefits
Successes
Cheap food in work canteens
Work clothes given for free
State subsidised vacations
Sick pay was given
Healthcare controlled epidemics
Cheap medicines
Failures
These provisions generally not available in rural areas
Women
No longer needed husband's permission to take a job or study at university
Equal pay for men and women made legal in Dec 1917 with maternity leave granted, but this was slow to have an impact
Impact of civil war
Women worked in factories, but childcare provision was inadequate
Government lacked resources to build creches
Women lost jobs when soldiers returned
After the war many were left homeless, causing a rise in prostitution
Islamic Women
Opportunities increased and female brigade leaders and tractor drivers were celebrated in films and posters
But traditional Islamic attitudes were slow to change with resistance often violent
Politics: female role was limited throughout the existence of the USSR
Education
Under Lunachevsky
1917: programme to provide free compulsory education for all aged 7-17
1918: existing church schools taken over by the government, education at primary and secondary level based on comprehensive model
Lack of resources during civil war meant compulsory education didn't materialise
Higher education: from 1917, universities were opened to all with courses laid on for those with no formal qualifications
Obstacles to expansion
Civil war caused lack of resources so many schools had to shut during winter
Low wages and status discouraged people from becoming teachers
School transport underfunded
Adult education: short courses introduced to teach adults basic numeracy and literacy, with evening classes as well
Reduction of illiteracy
1919: Bolsheviks launched programme to make all citizens between 8 and 50 literate
Liquidation points set up where people could take literacy classes
Purpose of the curriculum
Key role in instilling socialist values into the population, securing support for the regime and providing social stablility
Used to attack traditional practices and beliefs by reducing hold of religion and superstition
Bought sense of unity to different ethnic groups
Enabled population to acquire skills and expertise needed in modern economy
Early radicalism
Corporal punishment forbidden
Classrooms renamed "laboratories of learning"
Children to have influential voice in running of school
Study themes like farming and nature, no traditional subjects and tests abolished
Teaching emphasised discovery, play and group work
Heavily influenced by those who wished to use schools as miniature copies of socialist society
Youth groups and informal education
Octobrists: aged 5-9, simple nursery rhymes and games played
Pioneers
aged 10-12 had to undergo an initiation ceremony
Had to promise to love their country and follow Lenin's teachings
Had to wear a uniform
Encouraged good behaviour in schools and also provided sports, drama and leisure activities which gave it more appeal
Komsomol
Aged 14-28, essential if you wanted to be in the communist party
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