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IB SL Biology: Membranes
Descripción
Mapa Mental sobre IB SL Biology: Membranes, creado por mcgowan-w-10 el 27/05/2014.
Mapa Mental por
mcgowan-w-10
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Resumen del Recurso
IB SL Biology: Membranes
Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipid molecules
Hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail
Attracted to each other; on inside of membrane
Hydrophilic hydrocarbon head
Attracted to water; on outsides of membrane
Very stable
Fluid
Allows change of shape
Allows vesicles to be pinched off
Allows vesicles to be fused to membrane
Integral proteins
float loosely in membrane
Cannot be removed easily without damage
Peripheral proteins
On surface of protein; little movement
Simple removal without damage
Cholesterol
Makes membrane more fluid
Glycoproteins
Body recognition; sticks to other glycoproteins to form tissues
Membrane proteins
Hormone binding sites
Allows hormone to bind to site of protein
Signal transmitted to inside of cell
Enzymes
Catalyse reactions
AS outside: catalysed outside
AS inside: catalysed inside
Glycoproteins
cell-to-cell communication
cell adhesion
Channels for passive transport
Allows specific substances across membrane
Pumps for active transport
Release energy from ATP
Used to move specific substances across membrane
Transport
Passive
Diffusion
Passive, net movement of particles from a region of higher conc. to a region of lower conc., as a result of the random motion of particles
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Channel proteins
Allow specific substances across the membrane
Osmosis
Passive, net movement of water molecules from a region of low solute conc. to a region of higher solute conc., across a partially permeable membrane
Attractions between water molecules and solute particles
Active
Movement of substances across membranes using energy from ATP
Can move substances against concentration gradient
Protein pumps
Different pumps for different substances
Only work in one direction
1. Particle enters pump from side with lower conc.
2. Particle binds to specific site
3. Energy from ATP changes shape of pump
4. Particle is released on side with higher conc. and pump returns to original shape
Vesicles
Transport within cell
Ribosomes synthesise proteins
Proteins enter rER
Vesicles bud off rER and carry proteins to Golgi apparatus
Vesicles bud off Golgi apparatus and carry mod. proteins to plasma membrane
Endocytosis
Part of plasma membrane is pulled inward with subs. on outside
Subs. enclosed in vesicle when pinched off
Vesicle then free to move with contents through cytoplasm
Exocytosis
Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane
Contents of vesicle expelled
Membrane flattens out
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