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IB HL Music: Renaissance Era (1450-1600)

Composers
1. Josquin des Prez (1450-1521)
  1. Early-Mid
2. Giovanni da Palestrina (1525-1594)
  1. Late
3. Guillaume Du Fay (1397-1474)
  1. Very Early
Compositions
1. Sacred
  1. Early Renaissance Mass
    1. Concentrated on Ordinary
    2. Polyphonic settings
      1. Based on fragment of Gregorian Chant
        cantus firmus (fixed melody)
        Helped unify mass amongst polyphony
    3. Requiem
      1. Mass Proper
        "Dies irae" - evocation of Last Judgement
    4. Du Fay - Cantus Firmus Mass
      1. Well-defined melodies
      2. Fuller harmonies
      3. taken from Gregorian Chant or popular song
      4. L'homme arme Mass
        More bare chords
        Melody in upper voices
        A Cappella
  2. Motet - des Prez
    1. Explored voices and different textures - homorhythm
    2. Single Latin text for Mass
  3. Late Renaissance Mass
    1. Counter-Reformation: Catholicism
    2. Restriction on instrumentation
    3. Restriction on use of popular songs as cantus firms
    4. Restriction on embellished melodies
    5. Palestrina - "Pope Marcellus Mass"
2. Secular
  1. Chanson
    1. French
      1. Through-composed
    2. Mille Regretz - des Prez
    3. Il est bel et bon - Pasereau
      1. Mixture of homophonic + polyphonic
  2. Frottola
    1. El Grillo - des Prez
      1. Mostly homophonic
    2. Italian
  3. German Lied
    1. Innsbruch ich muss dich lassen
    2. Usually strophic
      1. Each verse has same music
    3. Accompanied by a consort of viols
  4. Villancico
    1. Spanish
      1. Oy comamos y bebamos - Encina
  5. Italian Madrigal
    1. Ecco mormorar l'onde - Monteverdi
    2. Through composed
      1. Mostly polyphonic
      2. Much word painting
  6. English Madrigal
    1. fa la la refrain
      1. Much word painting
  7. Instrumental Music
    1. Fashioned from chansons + madrigals
    2. No particular instrumentation
    3. Rondes
      1. Binary form with embellishments in repeats
        Round dance, performed outside
    4. Precursor to fully instrumental
    5. Pavane
    6. Saltarello - jumping dance
    7. Galliard - more vig. Saltarello
    8. Allemande - German, popular during Bach's time
    9. Tielman Susato: Danserye
      1. variety of popular dance music
Context
1. Sacred
  1. Rise in worship of Virgin Mary
    1. Rise in Motets
  2. Late Renaissance Mass
    1. Counter-Reformation (1530s - 1600)
      1. Countered Protestant revolt led by Martin Luther
    2. Rise of Council of Trent (1545-1563)
      1. Regulated every aspect of religious discipline
      2. Restricted church music
        No embellishments to chants
        Restriction on instruments
        Restricted popular songs in Masses
        Irreverent attitude of church musicians
      3. Giovanni da Pierluigi da Palestrina answered demands of Council of Trent
        Pope Marcellus Mass
        A cappella, homorhythmic + polyphonic textures
2. Secular
  1. Professionals
    1. Played in courts and festivities
      1. Rise of women playing music
  2. Amateurs
    1. Music in homes
      1. lutes or keyboard instruments
        Study of music considered proper for girls (less for boys)
  3. Poetry
    1. Chanson
    2. Madrigal
    3. Petrarch (1304-1374)
    4. Pierre de Ronsard (1524-1585)
    5. Helped to shape musical forms
  4. Dance Music
    1. Printing press made music more available
      1. Venice, Paris, Antwerp
    2. Often simplified vocal works
3. Instrumentation
  1. Basically the same as in medieval times
    1. More available/accessible

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IB HL Music: Renaissance Era (1450-1600)

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