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9559914
Unit 3: The Judiciary
Descripción
10th grade US Government Mapa Mental sobre Unit 3: The Judiciary, creado por Meredith W el 14/07/2017.
Sin etiquetas
justice
judge
court
branches of government
government
supreme court
us government
10th grade
Mapa Mental por
Meredith W
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Meredith W
hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Unit 3: The Judiciary
structure of federal court system...
Nota:
dont need to know state apparently... not in notes...
US Supreme Court
established by Article III of Costitution
"inferior courts"
district courts
Nota:
94 federal district courts (at least 1 per state)
Number per state depends on population
appellate courts
Nota:
13 circuit courts of appeal (12 regional districts and 1 for federal circuit in D.C.)
Specialty courts
Nota:
US Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
US Court of International Trade US Tax Court US Court of Appeals for Veteran Claims
US Court of Federal Claims (private claims against the US government)
created by congress to address specific needs
2 Categories of Law
civil
criminal
supreme court
doesn't have to hear any case it doesn't want to hear
jurisdiction...
(a) The Supreme Court shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction of all controversies between 2 or more states
(b) the Supreme court shall have original but not exclusive jurisdiction of
1. All (legal) actions (including) ambassadors, other public ministers, consuls or vice consuls of foreign states
8 justices, 1 chief justice
how cases get to (supreme) court
1. Apply for a writ of certiorari
Nota:
means “to be certified”
written order to certify the records of a lower court and send them up to a higher court
these petitions read by law clerks first
Nota:
Generally young, like late 20s
Graduates who have typically been at the top of their class in the most prestigious law schools in the US
Justices conference on summaries and recommendations provided by clerks to decide which petitions to hear
2. Rule of 4
Nota:
typically 2% or fewer cases requesting consideration are heard
4/9 Judges must accept
Cases accepted based on significance and potential for establishing precedence, and to resolve conflicting case law
“Stare decisis” - let the decision stand - the principle that it is best to uphold other court decisions except in certain cases
once accepted...
Oral arguments presented - limited to 30 minutes per side
Q&A w/ Qs from judges
Nota:
often sarcastic
Justices conference
each judge Issues formal opinions
often avoid answering big questions (ie: abortion...)
Nota:
cases about same sex marriage have been specific things, never really saying if marriage is constitutional or not
Judicial Review
The power of the courts (not just supreme court) to declare acts of congress or the president unconstitutional
Nota:
Any appellate court can do judicial review
Judicial review is not automatic-a case must be brought before the court and accepted for consideration
Not just a power, but a principle of American government
established by Marbury v Madison
role of judiciary: to interpret laws
The meaning of laws depends on exact understanding of definition and intent; Precision of language, definitions
Nota:
Legal documents are very careful to define all questionable terms...however
Disagreements about meaning/intent of laws are the reason lawyers exist
Lawyers seek to clarify definitions as well as “loopholes”
No matter how clear it is, people will try to use the law to their advantage based on what is there or not there
THE LAW DOES NOT CARE ABOUT JUSTICE. THE LAW CARES ABOUT WHAT THE LAW SAYS
forms of law
Statute Law- formal laws created by state/federal legislatures
Case Law (common law)- legal interpretations are shaped by all previous case rulings-- legal precedent
Administrative law (regulations) - established by bureaucratic agencies to carry out their statutory mandates
Nota:
mandate, in this case, means orders: not specifically orders of an elected official from its constituency
jurisdiction
Nota:
Exclusive Jurisdiction- authority to hear a type of case is limited to one specific level of court (ie: federal or state)
Concurrent jurisdiction - authority to hear a type of case can be heard by federal or state courts
Original jurisdiction - refers to a court’s ability to hear a case first
Appellate Jurisdiction: refers to a courts' ability to hear cases on appeal
an area of authority (area can mean geographic or type of law)
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
Districts (binary/octet-stream)
Mostrar resumen completo
Ocultar resumen completo
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