The study of what the drug does to the body is called what?
Pharmaceutica
Pharmcodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacotherapeutocs
In which step of the nursing process does the nurse determine the outcome of medication administration
Planning
Evaluation
Assessment
Implementation
The nurse plans care for a male patient who is 80 years old. The nursing diagnosis is non compliance with the medication regimen to living alone, as evidence by uncontrolled blood pressure. What should the nurse do next?
Enlist the help of a home care nurse for pharmacotherapy
Examine the results of nursing help with medications
Collaborate with the provider on a new regimen
Assess the impact of home self management of medications
Which statement is an example of objective data
The patient states that she has a headache
The patient has clear urine
The patient says that she feels like someone is touching her arm
The patient has had a fever for 5 days
The patient says that she has felt tired for almost a week
What things should the nurse checked her prescription with the patient
The patients home address
The route of administration
The age of the patient
The signature of the prescriber
The patients emergency contact
What information should the nurse chart when documenting medication administration
The time of administration
Information about an "incident report" in the patients chart
The patients age
The dosage of medication administered
What is the study of physiochemical properties of drugs and how they influenced the body called?
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacotherapeutics
What statement best describes pharmacokinetics
Adverse effects and toxic reactions to medications
Physiologic interactions between a drug in body cells
Converts medication into its active chemical substance
What the body does to a drug after it is administered
What is another term for biotransformation of a drug
Dilution
Excretion
Absorption
Metabolism
A drug given by which route is altered by the first pass effect
Oral
Sublingual
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to
Be absorbed by the body
Excert a response
Be eliminated by the body
Reach a therapeutic level
Which nursing action will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly
Massage the site after injection
Apply ice pack to the injection site
Lower the extremity below the level of the heart
Administer the medication via the z track method
When administering two medications that are highly protein-bound the nurse understands to monitor the patient carefully for which effect
A short duration of medication action
Increase in the risk of drug drug interactions
Immediate improvement in the patient's condition
Hypovolemic shock caused by a low albumin level
To achieve the most rapid onset of action the healthcare provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route
Intrathecally
IV
IM
Subcut
A patient with renal failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic process
Distribution
What is the ratio between a drugs therapeutic effects and toxic effects called
Affinity
Tolerance
Therapeutic index
Cumulative effect
A patient asks the nurse why a lower dose of IV pain medication is being given the in the previous oral dose. What is the nurses best response to the patient?
Medication given orally bypasses the portal circulatory system
Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first pass effect
Drugs in ministered intravenously enter the portal system before the systematic distribution
A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver.
The nurse understands that drugs exert their actions onto the body by what process
Interacting with receptors
Altering metabolic chemical processes
Making the cell perform a new function
Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme
The nurse knows that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications
Time of day
PH of the stomach
Form of drug preparation
Patient in high Fowlers position
Presence of food in the stomach
When calculating pediatric dosages, The nurse understands that which method is most accurate for calculating dosages
Use of drug reference recommended based on milligrams/kilograms of body weight
Calculated doses based on body weight need to be increased by 10% because of immature Renal and hepatic function
Do search calculation by body surface area because it takes into account the different size for children and neonates
Medication dosing calculated according to body weight because it is based on maturational growth and development
The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient about the effects of medication on fetal development the nurse understands the greatest risk for medication effects on developing fetus is occur during which time.
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Birthing process
Knowing that the albumin and neonates and infants has a lower binding capacity for medications the nurse anticipates the healthcare provider will perform which action to minimalize the risk of toxicity
Decrease the amount of drug given
Increase the amount of drug given
Shorten the time interval between doses
Administer the medication intravenously
The physiologic changes that normally occur in older adult patients have which implication for drug response
Drug elimination is faster
Drug metabolism is quicker
Drug half-life is Lengthened
Protein binding is more efficient
While conducting a health history for an older patient with heart failure the patient tells the nurse I have chronic constipation the nurse suspects this gastrointestinal complaint is caused by which class of drugs
Anticoagulants
Calcium channel blocker's
Potassium sparing diuretics
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
The nurse working in a prenatal clinic recognizes that the safety or potential harm of drug therapy during pregnancy relate to what factor
Fetal sex
Drug properties
Diet of the mother
Maternal blood type
The mother of a one-month-old infant calls the clinic and asks the nurse if the medication she is taking can be passed to her infant during breast-feeding what is the nurses best response to the mother
You should not take any medications while breast-feeding
Only certain medications will pass to infants while breast-feeding
I will leave the healthcare provider a message to return your call
Drugs can cross from mother to infant in breastmilk so it will depend on the drug that you are taking
A nurse working with older adult patient is concerned about the number of medications prescribed for each patient which older adult assessment should be of highest priority related to polypharmacy
Drug interactions
Cost of medications
Schedule of medications
Non-adherence to drug regimen
What is the nurses role in the development of new and investigational drugs
Select health the older adult patient to participate in phase 1 studies
Identify patients to receive a placebo drug during phase 3 studies
Monitor and report any adverse effects observed during phase four studies
Inform patients of their specific drug they were received during phase 2 studies
What is the professional responsibility of the nurse
Use beneficence The duty to do no harm to the patient
Withhold information from the patient as requested by the family
Impose his or her own values on the patient when doing so would help the patient
Transfer care of patient to another professional nurse if caring for the patient would violate personal ethical principles
Which statement best reflects the nurses understanding of cultural influences on drug therapy and other health practices
Dietary habits and practices can be of little value to the care of a sick adult
Most cultures are fairly standard in reference to the use of medications during illness
Administration of some drugs may elicit varied responses in specific racial and ethnic groups
Regardless of ones cultural background it is crucial to adhere to recommended medical practices
When teaching a patient about the legalities regarding a prescription for methylphenidate (Ritalin) which statement is most accurate
Ridellan is a C3 controlled substance for which a prescription will expire in six months
Ridellan is a c4 controlled substance that is only to be refilled five times per prescription
Ridellan is a C1 controlled substance that can only be prescribed according to an approved protocol
Ridellan is a C2 controlled substance that cannot be refilled and can only be refilled with a written prescription
The nurse is assessing a patient is culture and race on admission to the hospital which concept is important for the nurse to understand regarding drug therapy as it relates to different races and individuals
Polypharmacy
Polymorphism
Pharmacokinetic
A emergency department nurse is documenting the medication history of a patient of Asian culture the patient states I am not taking any medications but the nurse observes a bottle of capsules in the patient's medicine bag what information should the nurse collect
Healthcare provider name
Vital signs and pulse oximetry
Past use of medicine and home remedies
Use of herbs or over-the-counter medications
New drugs must go through extensive research and testing before approval for use in humans the nurse knows that the average length of time a medication has researched before being prescribed for humans is how many years
2 to 4
6 to 8
10 to 12
14 to 16
A pharmaceutical company is voluntarily conducting a post marketing study to obtain further proof of therapeutic effects of a new drug what phase of drug study is this considered
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
What legislation which was passed in 1996 ensures that the privacy of patient information is protected
Durham Humphrey amendment
Federal food drug and cosmetic act
Health insurance portability and accountability act
Medicare prescription drug improvement and modernization act
There are multiple factors that affect medication response the nurse recognizes which factors have a possible effect on the medication response
Genetic influences
Body composition
Diet and nutrition
Level of education
Socioeconomic factors
Use of alternative therapies
Patient compliance with therapy
The patient is transferred from ICU to a general medical unit which nursing action is most appropriate to prevent a medication error
Contact the health provider to rewrite all drug prescriptions
Perform a medication reconciliation for the patient during care transition
Ask the patient what medications need to be taken while in the hospital
Communicate a verbal report face-to-face from the transferring nurse
When admitting and order adult patient to an acute care setting which nursing strategy is most appropriate to prevent medication errors
Call the primary care physician to verify current medications
Ask the patient's family to verify medications the patient was taking at home
Ask the patient to provide you with a written list of all medications being taken at home
Ask the patient or family to bring in all medications the patient was taken at home
Why are specific medications identified as high alert medications
Registered nurses must administer these medications
States require that these drugs be on the high alert list
These drugs have increased potential for significant patient harm
These medications are responsible for adverse drug effects
The nurse administers a medication to the wrong patient what is the appropriate nursing action following this error
Document the medication error no further action is required
Record the error and document the medication on the patient chart
Notify the healthcare provider and document the error in the incident report
Assess patient for an adverse reaction and reported it is an adverse event that occurs
Which nursing action helps the nurse to prevent a medication error
Ask the patient what condition the medication is before administering
Administer any medications that the patient had on a mission or transfer
Encourage the patient to ask questions if the medication is different than expected
And minister the patient's medications using his or her own supply of medications while in the hospital
What organization announced new regulations requiring barcodes for all prescriptions and over-the-counter medications
Drug enforcement agency
Federal Bureau of investigation
US food and drug administration
Department of health and human sciences
In which step of the medication process can a medication error occur
Prescribing
Verification
Transcribing
Procurement
Administration
The nurse knows that the medication reconciliation process involves which steps
Reporting
Clarification
Reconciliation
What is the best description of the consumer safety precautions for herbal supplements
Reliable data on the product efficiency is scarce
Herbs and tamper-resistant containers are safe
Medicinal herbs are under strict US food and drug administration control
The package labeling clearly states product safety
Which entity regulates medicinal herbs
FDA
American medical Association
Dietary supplement health and education act of 1994
US department of agriculture
A patient with atrial fibrillation request a cup of chamomile tea. Nurse denies the patient's request because of the medication the patient is taking what is the medication
Cardiac glycosides
Beta adrenergic blockers
Calcium channel blocker
Male patient who abuses alcohol tells the nurse that he is treating himself with kava which instruction should the nurse include in patient teaching
Use another herb besides kava
Use either the kava or the alcohol
Avoid using the kava with alcohol
Stop taking the kava now
A patient who takes gin sing to improve memory takes many prescription drugs as well which laboratory parameter should the nurse check before administering medication as a means of assessing the pharmacokinetic effective ginseng in this patient
Mental status
Liver enzymes
Urine Bilirubin
Serum creatine
Which descriptions to apply to the market for medicinal herbs in the United States
Growing in numbers of users
Used with traditional therapies
Less than 1 million in sales annually
Used by less than 40% of the population
Viewed with growing skepticism
Heavily regulated by federal law
A patient needs to switch analgesic drugs secondary to an adverse reaction to the current treatment regimen the patient is concerned that the new prescription will not provide optimal pain control the nurses response is based on knowledge that doses of analgesics are determined using an equianalgesic table with which drug prototype
Meperidine
Fentanyl
Codeine
Morphine
The nurse is caring for a patient with an opioid addiction the nurse anticipates that the patient will be prescribed what medication
Naloxone
Methadone
While in meeting a patient for treatment of acetaminophen overdose the nurse prepares to administer what medication to prevent toxicity
Phytonadione
Acetylcysteine
Methylprednisolone
A patient prescribed massage therapy for musculoskeletal pain asks the nurse how is rubbing my muscles going to make the pain go away the nurses best response is
Massaging muscles helps relax the contracted fibers and decreased painful stimuli
Massage in muscles decreases the inflammatory response that initiates the painful stimuli
Massage in muscles activates large sensory nerve fibers that sends signals to the spinal cord to close the gate the ass blocking painful stimuli from reaching the brain
Massaging muscles activate small sensory nerve fibers that send signals to the spinal cord to open the gate and allow endorphins to reach the muscles and relieve the pain
When assessing for the most serious adverse effect to an opioid analgesic what does the nurse monitor for this patient
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate
Which medication is best used to treat a patient with severe adverse affects of narcotic analgesic
Acetylcystenie
Flymazenil
A patient with a diagnosis of pneumonia asks the nurse why am I receiving coding when I have no pain the nurse is responses based on knowledge that coding also has what effect
Expectorant
Bronchodilation
Cough suppressant
Increases sputum production
In monitoring a patient for adverse affects related to morphine sulfate the nurse assesses for simulation of which area in the CNS
The cough reflex center
Sympathetic baroreceptors
The chemoreceptor trigger zone
Autonomic control over circulation
The nurse is preparing to administer an IV injection of morphine to a patient the nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute what action should the nurse perform
And minister the next prescribed dose intramuscularly
And minister is smaller dose in document in the patient records
Withhold the medication and notify the healthcare provider
Check the pulse oximeter reading and reevaluate respiratory rate in one hour
A patient receiving narcotic analgesics for chronic pain can minimize the G.I. side effects by
Taking lomotil with each dose
Eating foods high in Lactobacilli
Taking the medication on an empty stomach
Increasing fluid in fiber in the diet
A nurse Teaches a patient prescribed fentanyl transdermal delivery system to change the patch at what interval
Once a week
Every 24 hours
Every 72 hours
When pain occurs
The nurse plans pharmacologic management for a patient with pain the nurse should administer the pain medication based on what dosage schedule
Pain relief is best obtained by administering analgesics around the clock
And minister the analgesic when the pain level reaches a six on a scale of 1 to 10
Opioid analgesics should not be used for more than 24 hours to prevent drug addiction
Analgesic should be administered as needed PRN to minimize adverse effects
In developing a plan of care for a patient receiving morphine sulfate which nursing diagnosis has highest priority
Acute pain related to a metastatic tumor cancer
Impaired gas exchange related to respiratory depression
Constipation related to decrease G.I. motility
Risk for injury related to CNS adverse effects
When assessing a patient for adverse affects related to morphine sulfate which clinical findings is the nurse most likely to fine
Diarrhea
Weight gain
Constipation
Inability to void
Excessive bruising
While completing preoperative patient teaching which information should the nurse include for a surgery with a general anesthetic
It produces muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness
It provides moderate sedation that allows you to relax
It affects a specific region of the body to block pain sensation
It uses only one type of medication to produce sedation
A patient verbalizes concern to the nurse regarding post op nausea and vomiting from the anesthesia. Which is the nurses best response?
Don't worry because you'll be heavily or completely sedated if that occurs
I understand your concern but intermittent vomiting often occurs after surgery
You will need to notify the charger nurse and health care provider if feel nauseated after surgery
Nausea and vomiting occur less frequently than in the past because of the use of a balanced approach to anesthesia
An intubated mechanically ventilated patient in the ICU is becoming increasingly restless and anxious. The nurse expects to administer which IV anesthetic drug
Propofol
Isoflurane
Halothane
Nitrous oxide
Which post op nursing action will help the patient avoid serious complications from general anesthesia
Monitor input an output closely
Provide a quiet calm environment
Place in a semi fowlers position
Teach to turn cough and deep breathe
Immediate post op assessment of a patient reveals a body temp 102. Which action will the nurse perform?
Notify the health care provider
Apply a cooling blanket per protocol
Assess for signs and symptoms of infection related to the surgical wound
A patient questions to use of epinephrine for repair of a laceration stating I thought that was the drug used in the emergency department for someone who is coding which is the nurses best response
Epinephrine is used with lidocaine to prevent adverse effects
The systematic absorption of lidocaine is maximized by the epinephrine the anesthetic effect is reached more quickly
Vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine and Hanses the duration of action for lidocaine and minimizes the bleeding at the laceration site
Epinephrine is meta-bloodiest more quickly than lidocaine so that the Anesthetic effect wears off more quickly after the laceration is sutured
Hey mechanically ventilated patient receiving in neuromuscular blocking drug has tearing in the eyes and increased heart rate and blood pressure how does the nurse interpret this clinical findings
The patient's level of sedation is in adequate
The patient response to the drug is appropriate
Patient is having an adverse reaction to the medication
The patient's dose of the neuromuscular Bocking drug is insufficient
Well taking a patient's history before surgery for cardiac problem the patient tells the nurse I am addicted to cocaine a nurse notifies the anesthesiologist of this finding because the use of cocaine can cause which affect when a patient is under anesthesia
Blood clotting problems
Complications during recovery
Immediate withdrawal symptoms
Anesthetic induced complications
A patient is in a minute to the hospital with a diagnosis of benzodiazepine overdose the nurse anticipates the healthcare provider will prescribe which antidote for benzodiazepine overdose
Naltrexone
Nalmefene
Flumazenil
The nurse should monitor an older adult patient prescribed a benzodiazepine for treatment of insomnia for which potential adverse effect
Red rash
UnSteady gait
Muscle spasms
Shortness of breath
Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient US just been in ministered a sedative Hypnotic drug
Risk for infection
Deficient knowledge
Imbalanced nutrition
Risk for injury and falls
The patient is admitted to the emergency department after taking an overdose of barbiturates 15 minutes before arrival the nurse can anticipate that which drug will be prescribed
Ipecac syrup
naloxone
Activated charcoal
During patient teaching the nurse explains the difference between a sedative in Hypnotic with which statement
There's really no difference the terms are used interchangeably
Where a sedative drugs and do you sleep hypnotic drugs and do use a state of hypnosis
Most drugs produce Sedation at low-dose and sleep the Hypnotic effect at higher doeses
Sedatives are much stronger than Hypnotic drugs and should only be used for short periods of time
In IV dose of Versed has been prescribed for a patient before colonoscopy the nurse informs the patient that one of the most common adverse effects of this medication is what
Amnesia
Dry mouth
Chest pain
The healthcare provider prescribes dantrolene to a patient immediately after surgery what condition does the nurse expect the patient has experienced
Delirium tremens
Respiratory arrest
Tonic clonic seizures
Malignant hypothermia
A child is prescribed methylphenidate to treat ADHD that. Expresses concern about using a controlled substance to treat ADHD and asks the nurse about using a non-controlled substance the nurse knows that 80 HD can be treated with which non-controlled substance
Atomoxetine
Methylphenidate
Amphetamine aspartate
Dextroamphetamine
Patient diagnosed with narcolepsy is prescribed a CNS stimulant which statement best describes the action of a CNS stimulant
CNS stimulates block or reduce the activity of inhibitory neurons
CNS stimulates activate cyclic adenosine mono phosphate
CNS stimulant decrease the production of excitatory neurotransmitter's
CNS stimulants increase release of an blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters
Nurse explained to patient that using caffeine my extra meat which health condition
Heart block
Myelin degeneration
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Which instructions should the nurse discuss to reduce the G.I. Adverse effects of orlistat
Limit dietary intake of fat
Increase fluid and fiber in the diet
Advise to take the vitamin c supplement
Take the medication with an antacid
Ergot alkaloid excert their therapeutic effect by which action
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Blockade of the beta 2 receptors
Simulation of alpha receptors
A nurse working with patient who are diagnosed with ADHD is aware that such patients often take take CNS stimulant drugs. These medications are potent with a high potential for abuse and dependence. Based on this potential how are these medications classified
Schedule 1
Schedule ll
Schedule lll
Schedule lV
A patient with narcolepsy is prescribed methylphenidate. Which adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching of this drug.
Insomnia
Headache
Weight loss
Increased appetite
Decreased blood pressure
What is the moa of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. (NSAIDs)
Enhancing pain perception
Inhibiting prostaglandins production
Increasing blood flow to painful areas
Increasing the supply of natural endorphins
When teaching a client about potential adverse effects of NSAID therapy the nurse will teach the client to immediately notify the healthcare provider of which effect
Mild indigestion
Black tarry stool's
Nonproductive cough
The nurse is administering probenecid to a client with Recurrent strep throat the nurse teaches the client that the most likely reason for taking this medication is for what drug effect
Increased ureic acid excretion
Prevent the occurrence of gout
Inhibit bacterial growth and replication
Prolong the effectiveness of penicillin therapy
What is the advantage of cox 2 inhibitors over the other NSAIDS
Maintain GI mucosa
Have a longer duration of action
Have a more rapid onset of action
Or less likely to cause he Hepatic toxicity
The client asks the nurse about the use of herbal in dietary supplements to treat arthritis pain what is the nurses best response
High doses of vitamins and minerals have been used for many years to help maintain joint health
There really are no safe herbal treatments for pain your best action would be to take your prescription medications
Ginkgo biloba has shown tremendous benefit as an anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat the symptoms of pain
There is evidence that glucosamine Sulfate with chondroitin does decreased joint stiffness and pain discuss this with your healthcare provider
The nurse knows colchicine exerts its therapeutic effect by what action
Increase Uric acid metabolism
Decrease mobility of leukocytes
Increase the process of phagocytosis
Increase production of lactic acid
Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a client prescribed colchicine
Constipation related to adverse effects of medication
Risk for infection related to medication induced leukocytosis
Risk for injury related to adverse effect of life-threatening seizures
Risk for fluid volume deficient related to nausea vomiting and diarrhea
A nurse is teaching a client receiving allopurinol should include which information
Increase your fluid intake to 3 L per day
This medication may cause your urine to turn orange
Include Sam in an organ meats in your diet on a weekly basis
Take the medication with an ant acid to minimize G.I. distress
The nurse would question a prescription to administer misoprostol to a client with what condition
Pregnancy
Peptic ulcer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The nurse should question a prescription to administer acetylsalicylic acid to which client
A 62-year-old patient with a history of stroke
A 45-year-old patient with a history of heart attack
A 28-year-old patient with a history of sports injury
A 14-year-old patient with a history of flu like symptoms
Which NSAID would the nurse anticipate administering parenterally for the treatment of acute postop pain
Ketorolac
Diclofenac
Allopurinol
Indomethacin
The acetic acid derivative idomethacin has which properties
Antinausea
Antipyretic
Anti-convulsant
Anti rheumatic
Anti-inflammatory
