Alexandra Bozan
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Unit I: Foundation of Nursing Practice Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities

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Alexandra Bozan
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Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities

Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities

Pregunta 1 de 26

1

A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and illness. Which statement best define the concepts of health and illness?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Health and illness are the same for all people

  • Health and illness are individually defined by each person

  • People with acute illnesses are actually healthy

  • People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs

  • Health is more than the absence of illness

  • Illness is the response of a person to a disease

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 26

1

The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples of chronic illnesses?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Bronchial pnemonia

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Cystic fibrosis

  • Fractured hip

  • Otitis media

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 26

1

Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients would be considered vulnerable populations?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A White male diagnosed with HIV

  • An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant

  • A hispanic male who has type II diabetes

  • A low-income family living in rural America

  • A middle-class teacher living in a large city

  • A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 26

1

A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Tertiary

  • Secondary

  • Primary

  • Promotive

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 26

1

A nurse's neighbor tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work". What stage of illness behavior is the neighbor exhibiting?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Experiencing symptoms

  • Assuming the sick role

  • Assuming the dependent role

  • Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 26

1

Which clinic patient is most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms based on the physical human dimension?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Jane, whose her best friend had a benign breast lump removed

  • Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood

  • Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer

  • Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 26

1

Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are considered tertiary health promotion?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city

  • A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb

  • A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient

  • A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes

  • A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students

  • A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 26

1

The agent-host-environment model of health and illness is based on what concept?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Risk factors

  • Demographic variables

  • Behaviors to promote health

  • Stages of illness

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 26

1

When providing health promotion classes, a nurse uses concepts from models of health. What do both the health illness continuum and the high-level wellness models demonstrate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Illness as a fixed point in time

  • The importance of family

  • Wellness as a passive state

  • Health as a constantly changing state

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 26

1

A nurse follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How can this promote health in others?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • By being a role model for healthy behaviors

  • By not requiring sick days from work

  • By never exposing others to any type of illness

  • By spending less money on food

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 26

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

is the behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential. In contrast, illness/disease prevention, also called , is behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 26

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

activities are traditionally described as occurring on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 26

1

: focuses on what people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health: 1) perceived susceptibility to a disease 2) perceived seriousness of a disease and 3) perceived benefits of action

: illustrates how people interact with their environment as they pursue health

: views health as a constantly changing, with high-level wellness and death at opposite ends of a graduated scale, or continuum

: views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person. limited when dealing with noninfectious diseases

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Health Belief Model
    Health Promotion Model
    Health Illness Continuum
    Agent-Host-Environment Model

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 26

1

The nurse practitioner is discussing health promotion with a group of senior nursing students. What would be the best example of secondary health promotion?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Weight loss program

  • Immunization

  • Workplace health and safety seminar

  • Family counseling

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 26

1

A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion". Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and health?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Wellness is dependent on the resolution of acute and chronic illnesses, whereas health can exist at any stage or condition

  • Wellness is determined by age-related expectations, whereas health is an achievable state, at any point in the lifespan

  • Health is a state that can be promoted and protected by nursing practice, while wellness is solely dependent on the client

  • Wellness is an active state, whereas health is a more passive state, dependent on the absence of disease

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 26

1

The nursing class has just learned that Healthy People 2020 focuses on health disparities. National trends in efforts to prevent these disparities focus on which of the following groups?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Vulnerable populations

  • Those living in poverty

  • Older adults

  • Women

  • People w/disabilities

  • Men

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 26

1

Which of the following is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illness status?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family

  • A family living in a city with high air pollution

  • A teenager who is worried about his scars

  • A father who is a practicing Jehova's Witness refusing a blood transfusion for his son

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 26

1

Which of the following is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Water treatment

  • Rehabilitation

  • Family counseling

  • Pap test

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 26

1

While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. Which of the following would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stress management

  • Personality characteristics

  • Environmental sensitivity

  • Nutritional awareness

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 26

1

A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Tertiary prevention

  • Secondary prevention

  • Medical prevention

  • Primary prevention

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 26

1

A client makes a decision to quit smoking and joins a smoking cessation class. This is an example of which of Dunn's processes that help a person know who and what he or she is?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Being

  • Befitting

  • Becoming

  • Belonging

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 26

1

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based on external factors?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The Health-Illness Continuum

  • The Health Belief Model

  • The High-Level Wellness Model

  • The Agent-Host-Environment Model

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 26

1

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Health

  • Holism

  • Host

  • Wellness

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 26

1

Your community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at a local firehouse every weekend in October. What levels of health promotion is this an example of?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • All three levels

  • Primary

  • Secondary

  • Tertiary

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 26

1

What level of prevention is noted when the nurse educates a group of mothers of school-age children on self breast examination?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Primary

  • Tertiary

  • Educational

  • Secondary

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 26

1

Which of the following is an example of a characteristic of Stage 2 of illness?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A person tells his family that he is sick and allows them to take care of him

  • A person begins rehabilitation following a stroke that left him paralyzed on one side

  • A person visits a physician to receive treatments for symptoms of an infection

  • A person experiences a headache and sore throat and takes an aspirin

Explicación

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