4. Gene Duplication & Pseudogene formation

5. Hox Genes

6. Silk Genes

7.Duplication of Entire Genomes

How do changes occur?

Natural Error in DNA Replication

Recombination & Error

Changes as a Result of the Outcome of Repair

Homogenisation Through Gene Conversion

More Changes

Hybridisation

Transposable Elements

Transposable Elements Type 1

Transposable Elements Type 2

Effects of Transposition

Horizontal Gene Transfer

How Fast do Genomes Change?

Driving Factor of Genome Evolution

Dynamism

Pleiotropy

Genome Adaptation

Why are genes relevant?

Spider Examples Which Illustrate the Use of Studying Genomes

Genome Structure

Genomic Changes

1. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

Codon Bias

1 Mutation -> 2nd Mutation: tRNA Example

2. Chromosome Fusions & Rearrangements

3. Chromosome Inversion