Development of Postural Control & Reactions

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Developmental milestones are physical/behavioral signs of development or maturation.

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Developmental milestones are used for all of the following EXCEPT:

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Which of the following are limitations with the milestone concept?

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( Movement, Posture ) is the act of moving (ex: crawling)
( Movement, Posture ) is the core strength, tone, and stability that helps the way one positions their body

Both help to achieve a motor task/goal

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Postural stability provides foundation for simple and complex movements.

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Which of the following are the two theories strictly associated with the development of movement?

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When movement occurs as the nervous system matures: ❌

When movement emerges from an interaction between the nervous system, body, environment, and the task: ❌

❌:
- reflexes are distinct from voluntary movement and must be suppressed/inhibited
- reflexes reappear if there is CNS damage or if needed to support certain activities

❌:
- ❌ --> multiple interacting subsystems including: body build characteristics,
musculoskeletal, arousal, sensory, perceptual interacting with immediate environment
- ❌ as emergent; no central pattern generator; even reflexes are not hardwired but the result of the convergence of multiple systems

hierarchical

systems view

In hierarchical

In Systems Approach

Nonlinear

Linear

Behavior

Reflex

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Which is not a characteristic of the stepping reflex?

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If there is a loss of a stepping reflex, how would they present themselves in the two theories?

increase in weight in legs, but infant can still demonstrate reflex in water --> ( dynamic system, hierarchical )

maturation of higher brain centers/nervous system --> ( dynamic system, hierarchical )

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Culture does not have an impact on early motor development and reflexes.

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How are posture and movement related?

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Which of the following are the theoretical basis of the spatiotemporal adaptation theory? (check all that apply).

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Does the spatiotemporal theory place emphasis on sensory-motor-sensory relationship?

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According to the spatiotemporal adaptation theory, if a child cannot complete a task such as walking, they will:

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What are the four components of the spatiotemporal adaptation theory?

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( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): primitive to efficient; environmental challenges support development of complex thinking and acting; both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): Environmental stimulation/challenges cause “spatiotemporal stress” versus “distress”

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): process of expanding child’s repertoire of movements and activities

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): Child, others, objects, supporting surface, gravitational and 3 dimensional space

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These are the environmental components of spatiotemporal adaptation:

❌: supports/embeds the infant
❌: helps child reach higher levels of potential
❌: promotes back-and-forth between self and environment
❌: provides source of stimulation- motivation to move

Holding Function

Challenge

Interactive

Facilitating

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Which of the following are characteristics of the spiraling continuum?

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How is the spiraling continuum process stalled in children with disabilities?

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What are lower level strategies used during a normal course of development?

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Check all of the following that represent the spatiotemporal adaptation theory.

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Stress is the alteration of equilibrium in a child that causes them to make an adjustment within an environment to return to equilibrium.

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❌- gives muscle rigidity; (enough tension on muscle for weight shift with enough give for quick changes in movement)

❌-adds to muscle tone in extensor muscles that work against gravity

❌- acts to maintain joint position against internal or external force; obtained by joint co-contraction of antagonist muscles around the joints

Postural strategies distribute postural tone where needed to ❌ and/or for ❌ in anticipation of or during changes in position

Muscle tone

Postural tone

Postural fixation

hold positions

redistributing tone

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Posture is the movement of body segments at any given time.

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Rank the following movement components from least complex (lowest level) to most complex (highest level):

❌ - Physiological Flexion
❌ - Lateral Flexion & Rotation
❌ - Flexion (against gravity)
❌ - Extension (against gravity)

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4

3

2

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Which of the following are primitive reflexes?

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Rank the following postural control/movement patterns from 1-4 in the order that they develop:

Unilateral weight shift/movement -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Bilateral weight shift/movement -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Weight bearing -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Contralateral weight shift/movement -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

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Which of the following are phasic reflexes?

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Phasic reflexes activate muscles/groups through full range/mobility but do not have a weight bearing function.

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Which of the phasic reflexes is associated with hypersensitivity, stimulus bound effect, sensory overload, and anxiety if it persists in the older child?

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Which is not a characteristic of the development of antigravity movement?

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Which of the following define tonic reflexes? (check all that apply)

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Which type of reflex is this?

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Check all that apply to rotational righting.

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Which is not a characteristic of optical righting?

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Research has shown that full-term infants sleeping non-prone have delays in motor milestones and lower scores on developmental screening measures than infants who slept prone.

Human Development Test sobre Development of Postural Control & Reactions, creado por marissa rivera el 01/10/2017.